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Finite element method simulating temperature distribution in skin induced by 980-nm pulsed laser based on pain stimulation

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Abstract

For predicting the temperature distribution within skin tissue in 980-nm laser-evoked potentials (LEPs) experiments, a five-layer finite element model (FEM-5) was constructed based on Pennes bio-heat conduction equation and the Lambert-Beer law. The prediction results of the FEM-5 model were verified by ex vivo pig skin and in vivo rat experiments. Thirty ex vivo pig skin samples were used to verify the temperature distribution predicted by the model. The output energy of the laser was 1.8, 3, and 4.4 J. The laser spot radius was 1 mm. The experiment time was 30 s. The laser stimulated the surface of the ex vivo pig skin beginning at 10 s and lasted for 40 ms. A thermocouple thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the surface and internal layers of the ex vivo pig skin, and the sampling frequency was set to 60 Hz. For the in vivo experiments, nine adult male Wistar rats weighing 180 ± 10 g were used to verify the prediction results of the model by tail-flick latency. The output energy of the laser was 1.4 and 2.08 J. The pulsed width was 40 ms. The laser spot radius was 1 mm. The Pearson product-moment correlation and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the correlation and the difference of data. The results of all experiments showed that the measured and predicted data had no significant difference (P > 0.05) and good correlation (r > 0.9). The safe laser output energy range (1.8–3 J) was also predicted. Using the FEM-5 model prediction, the effective pain depth could be accurately controlled, and the nociceptors could be selectively activated. The FEM-5 model can be extended to guide experimental research and clinical applications for humans.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.236, Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China

    Han Wang, Xiao-Xi Dong, Ji-Chun Yang, He Huang & Ying-Xin Li

  2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Laser Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, No.236, Baidi Road, Tianjin, 300192, China

    Ying-Xin Li

  3. Biomedical Engineering and Technology College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China

    Hai-Xia Zhang

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  1. Han Wang
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  2. Xiao-Xi Dong
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  3. Ji-Chun Yang
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  4. He Huang
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Correspondence to Ying-Xin Li.

Ethics declarations

All experiments were carried out in accordance with the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Peking Union Medical College (Animal Experimental Ethical Number: 2016-004). All methods were taken to minimize animal suffering. This study does not involve human trials; thus, informed consent is not necessary.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Contract Grant Sponsor

This work is supported by the fundamental research funds for the central universities (Grant number 2016RC310022). The funders of the study had no role in study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, or writing of the report. The corresponding author had full access to all the data in the study and had final responsibility for the decision to submit for publication.

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Wang, H., Dong, XX., Yang, JC. et al. Finite element method simulating temperature distribution in skin induced by 980-nm pulsed laser based on pain stimulation. Lasers Med Sci 32, 1173–1187 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2223-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-017-2223-9

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