Abstract
Banana peduncle waste (BPW) is a major fibrous waste generated from the wholesale vegetable markets in urban areas that is less degradable due to the presence of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents. In order to recover energy and produce biochar as a by-product, pyrolysis is a promising alternate method for the treatment and disposal of BPW. The novel aspect of the study is to use response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design by Minitab Software to identify the optimum process parameters, such as pyrolysis temperature (PT), holding time (HT), and heating rate (HR) for the responses biochar yield (%), carbon content (g), and pH of the biochar. For RSM the minimum and maximum values are considered in the range of 400–600 °C, 80–240 min and 10–20 °C min−1 for PT, HT and HR, respectively. Experiments of 20 sets at different parameters as per RSM were carried out in lab scale pyrolysis unit and results showed that PT and HT have a significant effect on biochar yield, carbon content and pH, while HR did not show a considerable impact. The proximate and ultimate analyses of BPW and biochar obtained (BPW–BC) were also investigated including SEM and FTIR. From the results, biochar yield of 50%, carbon content of 3.18 g and pH of 11 were obtained at optimum conditions of PT: 462 °C, HT: 80 min and HR-10 °C min−1 and found that the experimental responses are very close to the predicted values. Further, the characteristics of BPW–BC obtained vary with process conditions and could be potentially used for various applications such as soil conditioners, adsorbent pyrogenic carbon capture and storage.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Director, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), for providing the laboratory facilities and permitting this research work. The authors also thank Indian and German Industrial partners (M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd., India, and M/s. Biomacon Gmbh, Germany) for their support in this 2+2 PYRaSOL project. The authors also acknowledge ISAH team, Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany, for their technical support for this work. The CSIR-CLRI Communication number is 1673. This research work is carried as a part of the PhD programme of the candidate M/s. R. Nishanthi, registered under Anna University, Chennai, India.
Funding
This work was funded by Indo-German Science and Technology Centre (IGSTC), New Delhi, a joint initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, and the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), Germany, under 2 + 2 Project “Smart Cities integrated energy supply, carbon sequestration and urban organic waste treatment through combined solar sludge drying and pyrolysis (PYRaSOL)” (Funding code: 01DQ18001A).
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NR was involved in methodology, data curation, validation, original draft preparation; SG was involved in data curation, investigation; SSV and DW were involved in conceptualization, supervision, validation and review and editing.
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Rajendiran, N., Ganesan, S., Weichgrebe, D. et al. Optimization of pyrolysis process parameters for the production of biochar from banana peduncle fibrous waste and its characterization. Clean Techn Environ Policy 25, 3189–3201 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02592-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-023-02592-2