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Utilization of low-grade waste heat-to-energy technologies and policy in Indian industrial sector: a review

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Abstract

This article emphasizes on waste heat recovery for the implementation of organic Rankine cycle technology in the Indian industrial sector. A large proportion of energy is consumed by various industries, which leads to environmental pollution in multiple ways. Since the past few years, research is going on for re-using this low-grade waste energy utilizing organic Rankine cycle technology. In this report, a thorough review has been carried out to find the significant scope for recovering low-grade waste energy, primarily in cement, iron and steel and glass industries. Case studies based on the data collected from the associated plants have also been reported. A summary of different waste heat recovery cycles mechanism and working fluid selection procedure is also included. In the succeeding stage, various technological and legal aspects of using the recovered energy through power grid lines have been discussed. The review sketches a potential scope of using the low-grade waste energy in fulfilling the high energy demand of Indian commercial sector as well as domestic energy industry.

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Source Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Energy Statistics 2013, Government of India

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Source Adapted from Holcim (2012)

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Abbreviations

ALT:

Atmospheric lifetime

BEE:

Bureau of energy efficiency

CHP:

Combined heat and power

DCs:

Designated consumers

DER:

Distributed energy resources

GWP:

Global warming potential

HRSG:

Heat recovery steam generator

HCFC:

Hydrochlorofluorocarbon

HFC:

Hydrofluorocarbon

LGWH:

Low-grade waste heat

LFL:

Lower flammability limit

MST:

Maximum stability temperatures

MSMEs:

Micro, small and medium enterprises

NBP:

Normal boiling point

NMEEE:

National mission for enhanced energy efficiency

ORC:

Organic Rankine cycle

OTEC:

Ocean thermal energy conversion

ODP:

Ozone depletion potential

RES:

Renewable energy sources

TFC:

Trilateral flash cycle

MRC:

Maloney and Robertson cycle

TLV:

Threshold limit value

VPP:

Virtual power plant

WHR:

Waste heat recovery

WHP:

Waste heat to power

H:

Specific enthalpy

P:

Absolute pressure

Q in :

Heat input

Q out :

Heat reject

R:

Universal gas constant

S:

Entropy

T:

Temperature

T C :

Critical temperature

P C :

Critical pressure

V:

Molar volume

W net :

Net useful work

η :

Efficiency

ω :

Acentric factor of species

ξ :

Slope of vapour saturation curve

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  1. Rajendra Mishra School of Engineering Entrepreneurship, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India

    Bipul Krishna Saha & Basab Chakraborty

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Saha, B.K., Chakraborty, B. Utilization of low-grade waste heat-to-energy technologies and policy in Indian industrial sector: a review. Clean Techn Environ Policy 19, 327–347 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-016-1248-2

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