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Comparative analysis of four gas-fired, carbon capture-enabled power plant layouts

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Abstract

Emission of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel-fired thermal power plants is a major concern for energy providers all around the world. In this context, carbon capture from thermal power plants and the energy penalty incurred in the process are important issues. The present work reports on a detailed analysis of gas-fired power plant layouts with in-built carbon capture, i.e. the flue gas from these power plants contains mainly carbon dioxide and water vapour. Four layouts, two of which are based on pressurized oxyfuel combustion and two on chemical looping combustion (CLC), have been considered. Based on detailed mass balance, energy and thermodynamic analyses of the power plant layouts, the net efficiencies for each plant have been computed. After accounting for thermodynamic irreversibilities and CO2 compression to 110 bar, these have been found to vary between 31 and 52 % for the four plants. Despite the technological maturity of oxyfuel combustion, it is concluded that CLC-based plants would be future-ready in the sense that they can readily accommodate CCS with only 2 % loss in overall thermal efficiency for CO2 capture.

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Abbreviations

ASU:

Air separation unit

CLC:

Chemical looping combustion

CC:

Combined cycle

SMOC:

Steam-moderated oxyfuel combustion

CLCSC:

Chemical looping combustion steam cycle

HRSG:

Heat recovery steam generator

LP:

Low pressure

MP:

Medium pressure

HP:

High pressure

AR:

Air reactor

FR:

Fuel reactor

\(M_{\text{Air in}}\) :

Mass of air entering air reactor per unit time, kg/s

\(M_{\text{Dep air}}\) :

Mass of depleted air leaving air reactor per unit time, kg/s

\(M_{{{\text{MeO}}_{x} }}\) :

Mass of oxygenated metal oxide per unit time, kg/s

\(M_{{{\text{MeO}}_{x - 1} }}\) :

Mass of reduced metal/metal oxide per unit time, kg/s

\(M_{\text{Fuel in}}\) :

Mass of fuel entering fuel reactor per unit time, kg/s

M Exhaust :

Mass of exhaust leaving fuel reactor per unit time, kg/s

T :

Temperature at any point, °C

\(Q_{\text{Air in}}\) :

Thermal energy flow in air entering the air reactor, kW

\(Q_{\text{Depleted air}}\) :

Thermal energy flow in oxygen-depleted air, kW

Q MeOx :

Thermal energy flow in oxygenated metal oxide, kW

Q Me :

Thermal energy flow in reduced form of metal oxide, kW

Q Ox :

Thermal energy produced by metal oxidation reaction, kW

\(Q_{\text{Extract}}\) :

Thermal energy extracted from air reactor by cooling fluid, kW

\(Q_{\text{Fuel in}}\) :

Thermal energy flow in fuel entering the air reactor, kW

Q Red :

Heat produced by metal reduction reaction, kW

MeO:

Oxygenated metal oxide

Me:

Reduced form of metal oxide

e :

Electrical (related to power, as in MWe)

Ox:

Oxidation

Red:

Reduction

x, x − 1:

Oxidized and reduced states of O2 carrier, respectively

th:

Thermal (related to power, as in MWth)

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  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    R. J. Basavaraja & S. Jayanti

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  1. R. J. Basavaraja
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Basavaraja, R.J., Jayanti, S. Comparative analysis of four gas-fired, carbon capture-enabled power plant layouts. Clean Techn Environ Policy 17, 2143–2156 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-0936-7

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