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Statistical optimization of self-cleaning technology and color reduction in wool fabric by nano zinc oxide and eco-friendly cross-linker

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Abstract

The stain resistance and intrinsic hydrophobic features of wool are the most important problems which have negative impacts on various aspects of wool and prompt scientists to find a solution over the past decades. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-np) were successfully synthesized and stabilized on natural protein wool using the impregnation process with butane tetra carboxylic acid (BTCA) as eco-friendly cross-linker. In this research, these particles were linked to wool surface by BTCA and also sodium hypophosphite was used as a catalyst. The self-cleaning technology of ZnO-np deposited on the wool fabrics was followed by degrading of Direct Blue 71 and Disperse Red 1 as synthetic stains and also determined by degrading rate of food stains such as coffee and black mulberry under the ultraviolet irradiation. The hydrophilicity was monitored by water drop absorption time. The central composite design was used for different variables based on Design of Expert software. The analysis of variance was utilized to obtain the optimum models for wool with maximum color reductions and minimum absorption time. The presence of ZnO-np on the wool surface was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy. Further transmission and absorbance spectra validated the UV protection properties of ZnO-np-treated wool. The results showed that increasing the amount of ZnO-np leads to enhanced reduction of synthetic color stains than food color stains on the treated wool fabric, while the fabric became more hydrophilic.

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Acknowledgments

I would like to express my appreciation to Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University for its support of research project under the title of enhancing the stability of ZnO-np in photo-degradation of natural and synthetic stains of wool fabrics using cross-linking agent.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

    Mohammad Ali Shirgholami & Mohammad Mirjalili

  2. Department of Art & Architectural, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran

    Ali Nazari

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  1. Mohammad Ali Shirgholami
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Correspondence to Ali Nazari.

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Shirgholami, M.A., Nazari, A. & Mirjalili, M. Statistical optimization of self-cleaning technology and color reduction in wool fabric by nano zinc oxide and eco-friendly cross-linker. Clean Techn Environ Policy 17, 905–919 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0842-4

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