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Clinical effectiveness of oral antimicrobial therapy for acute pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriales

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Abstract

Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriales (ESBL-PE) are commonly treated with intravenous antibiotics. This study investigated whether oral antimicrobial therapy (OAT) is as effective as intravenous antimicrobial therapy (IVT) for acute pyelonephritis (APN) caused by ESBL-PE. A retrospective cohort of patients with APN caused by ESBL-PE was studied at a tertiary-care hospital from January 2014 through December 2016. The OAT group comprised patients treated with an appropriate oral antimicrobial agent following 7 days or less of IVT. The primary endpoint was treatment failure defined as clinical and/or microbiological failure. The secondary endpoint was length of hospital stay and recurrences of APN within 2 months and within 1 year. Propensity score matching and multivariable Cox proportional hazard modeling were used to minimize bias. Among 238 eligible cases, Escherichia coli (83.6%) was the most common pathogen. Sixty patients received OAT after a median of four days of appropriate IVT, and 178 patients completed treatment with IVT. Fluoroquinolones (58.3%) were the most commonly prescribed OAT, followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate. OAT was not associated with treatment failure (adjusted OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.18–2.44) and hospitalization length was shorter in the OAT group (6.2 days versus 10.7 days; P < 0.01). APN recurrence caused by ESBL-PE infection within 2 months was not associated with OAT (adjusted HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.16–2.00). OAT reduced hospital stay without adverse effects on treatment outcome. OAT could be safely applied as a carbapenem-saving option in treatment of APN.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Statistics and Data Center at Samsung Medical Center for their statistical support.

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Author notes

  1. Si-Ho Kim and Kyoung Ree Lim contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, (06351) 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea

    Si-Ho Kim, Hyunju Lee, Kyungmin Huh, Sun Young Cho, Cheol-In Kang, Doo Ryeon Chung & Kyong Ran Peck

  2. Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea

    Kyoung Ree Lim

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The study was approved by the local research ethics committee (IRB number: 2018-05-089)

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Kim, SH., Lim, K.R., Lee, H. et al. Clinical effectiveness of oral antimicrobial therapy for acute pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriales. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 39, 159–167 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03705-w

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