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Potentially pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria found in aquatic systems. Analysis from a reclaimed water and water distribution system in Mexico City

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Abstract

We investigated the presence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in three Mexican aquatic systems to evaluate the prevalence with the distribution of NTM species. Key physicochemical parameters of the water samples were determined to find correlations with the species’ distributions. We used multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on hsp65, rpoB, and 16S rRNA fragments to determine their taxonomic affiliations. NTM were recovered from water distribution systems and reclaimed water from the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA). The isolated species were associated with a temperature of 21°C and pH >7.7. The phylogenetic analysis showed that eight of the 14 different NTM strains were unambiguously classifiable: Mycobacterium peregrinum, M. nonchromogenicum (2), M. smegmatis (2), M. fortuitum, M. avium ssp. hominissuis, M. arupense, M. gordonae, and M. chitae. One strain was tentatively identified as M. mantenni/ scrofulaceum and another strain was related to M. porcinum/M. septicum. All NTM species identified in the water distribution system were also detected in the reclaimed water, but some species from the reclaimed water were not found in the water distribution systems. Two of the identified species found in the reclaimed water, M. avium and M. fortuitum, are considered important human opportunistic pathogens.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dra. Florencia Vargas for statical analysis of Table 1, René Arredondo and Josué Sandoval for their assistance with data gathering, Carol Martínez and Martha E Mercado for performing the laboratory work. This study was supported by DGAPA-PAPIIT IN227611, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Salud 2007-CO1-68729 M, and CONACyT 60577 M. AICR is the recipient of a CONACYT-México Doctoral Scholarship 130055 at the Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, UNAM.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Edificio de Investigación, 4o piso. Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, 04510, México City, DF, Mexico

    A. I. Castillo-Rodal, L. T. Lloret-Sánchez & Y. López-Vidal

  2. Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Mexico

    M. Mazari-Hiriart

  3. Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México City, Mexico

    B. Sachman-Ruiz & P. Vinuesa

Authors
  1. A. I. Castillo-Rodal
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  2. M. Mazari-Hiriart
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  3. L. T. Lloret-Sánchez
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  4. B. Sachman-Ruiz
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  5. P. Vinuesa
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  6. Y. López-Vidal
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Correspondence to Y. López-Vidal.

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Castillo-Rodal, A.I., Mazari-Hiriart, M., Lloret-Sánchez, L.T. et al. Potentially pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria found in aquatic systems. Analysis from a reclaimed water and water distribution system in Mexico City. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31, 683–694 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-011-1359-y

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