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Nontuberculous mycobacteria in the environment of Hranice Abyss, the world’s deepest flooded cave (Hranice karst, Czech Republic)

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Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are widely distributed in the environment. On one hand, they are opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals, and on the other hand, they are effective in biodegradation of some persistent pollutants. Following the recently recorded large abundance of NTM in extreme geothermal environments, the aim of the study was to ascertain the occurrence of NTM in the extreme environment of the water zone of the Hranice Abyss (HA). The HA mineral water is acidic, with large concentrations of free CO2, and bacterial slimes creating characteristic mucilaginous formations. Both culture and molecular methods were used to compare the mycobacterial diversity across the linked but distinct ecosystems of HA and the adjacent Zbrašov Aragonite Caves (ZAC) with consideration of their pathogenic relevance. Six slowly growing NTM species (M. arupense, M. avium, M. florentinum, M. gordonae, M. intracellulare) and two rapidly growing NTM species (M. mucogenicum, M. sediminis) were identified in the water and in the dry zones at both sites. Proteobacteria were dominant in all the samples from both the HA and the ZAC. The bacterial microbiomes of the HA mineral water and HA slime were similar, but both differed from the microbiome in the ZAC mineral water. Actinobacteria, a phylum containing mycobacteria, was identified in all the samples at low proportional abundance. The majority of the detected NTM species belong among environmental opportunistic pathogens.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (No. 16-13231S). The authors are indebted to Michal Guba, Jan Musil, and Martin Prachar (speleodivers, Czech Speleological Society 7-02 Hranicky Kras, Czech Republic) for underwater sample collection and to Barbora Simeckova (Cave Administration of the Czech Republic, Zbrašov Aragonite Caves, Hranice na Morave, Czech Republic) for her assistance during the sample collection. The authors also thank Vratislav Ouhrabka for creating the geological map of the HA and the ZAC.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, Mendel University in Brno, tr. Generala Piky 7, 61300, Brno, Czech Republic

    Ivo Pavlik, Jan Caha, Dana Hubelova, Ondrej Konecny & Helena Modra

  2. Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 613 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Milan Gersl

  3. Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlarska 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Milan Bartos

  4. Public Health Institute Ostrava, Partyzanske nam. 7, 702 00, Ostrava, Czech Republic

    Vit Ulmann

  5. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackeho tr. 1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic

    Petra Kaucka

  6. School of Science and the Environment, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, A2H 5G4, Canada

    Adrian Unc

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  1. Ivo Pavlik
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Pavlik, I., Gersl, M., Bartos, M. et al. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in the environment of Hranice Abyss, the world’s deepest flooded cave (Hranice karst, Czech Republic). Environ Sci Pollut Res 25, 23712–23724 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2450-z

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