Abstract
Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in the presence of ethanol and water as solvents was applied as a modern technique to extract polyphenolic compounds from apple pomace and the results were compared to those of Soxhlet extraction and maceration. Various experimental conditions such as microwave power, extraction time, type of solvent, and solvent to sample ratio were considered for the study. Increasing microwave power (from 90 to 360 W) resulted in lower extraction yields. Ethanol-water (at the ratio of 65 to 35) was the best solvent for MAE. However, for the sake of higher water contribution in the extraction, a ratio of 35:65 (ethanol:water) can be selected for a recovery of −90% at a shorter extraction time. The best solvent to sample ratio was found at 20 to 1 level. When used for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds from apple pomace, MAE was faster than maceration and Soxhlet methods.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cetkovic G, Canadanovic-Brunet J, Djilas S, Savatovic S, Mandic A, Tumbas V. Assessment of polyphenolic content and in vitro antiradical characteristics of apple pomace. Food Chem. 109: 340–347 (2008)
Virot M, Tomao V, Le Bourvellec C, Renard CMCG, Chemat F. Towards the industrial production of antioxidants from food processing by-products with ultrasound-assisted extraction. Ultrason. Sonchem. 17: 1066–1074 (2010)
Suarez B, Álvarez AL, García YD, del Barrio G, Lobo AP, Parra F. Phenolic profiles, antioxidant activity and in vitro antiviral properties of apple pomace. Food Chem. 120: 339–342 (2010)
Haghighi M, Rezaei K, Labbafi M, Khodaiyan F. On the formulation design and rheological evaluations of pectin-based functional gels. J. Food Sci. 76: E15–22 (2011)
Gaudout D, Megard D, Iusin C, Esteve C, Lejard F. Phloridzin-rich phenolic fraction and use thereof as a cosmetic, dietary or nutraceutical agent. U.S. Patent 7,041,322 B2 (2006)
Andlauer W, Kolb J, Fürst P. Phloridzin improves absorption of genistin in isolated rat small intestine. Clin. Nutr. 23: 989–995 (2004)
Ehrenkranz JRL. Method of using dihydrochalcone derivatives to block glucose. U.S. Patent 6,448,232 (2002)
Xi J, Shen DJ, Zhao S, Lu BB, Li Y, Zhang R. Characterization of polyphenolic compounds from green tea leaves using a high hydrostatic pressure extraction. Int. J. Pharm. 382: 139–143 (2009)
Aslam S, Jahan N, Ali S, Rahman K-U. An innovative microwaveassisted extraction and antioxidant potential of polyphenols from different parts of Ocimum basilicum. J. Med. Plant. Res. 6: 2150–2159 (2012)
Dragoviæ-Uzelac V, Garofolic IE, Jukic M, Penic M, Dent M. The influence of microwave-assissted extraction on the isolation of sage (Saliva officinalis L.) polyphenols. J. Food Technol. Biotechnol. 50: 377–383 (2012)
Zhang L, Wang Y, Wu D, Xu M, Chen J. Microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Camellia oleifera fruit hull. Molecules 16: 4428–4437 (2011)
Nkhili E, Tomao V, El Hajji H, El Boustani ES, Chemat F, Dangles O. Microwave-assisted water extraction of green tea polyphenols. Phytochem. Anal. 20: 408–415 (2009)
Bai XL, Yue TL, Yuan YH, Zhang HW. Optimazation of microwave-assissted extraction of polyphenols from apple pomace using response surface methodology and HPLC analysis. J. Sep. Sci. 33: 3751–3758 (2010)
Song Y, Wu M-Y, He F-T, Zhao Y, Ge B-G. Extraction of apple polyphenols in apple pomace by microwave technique. Food Sci. Technol. doi: CNKI: SUN: SSPJ.0.2007.10.092 (2007)
Chan C-H, Yusoff R, Ngoh G-C, Kung FWL. Microwave-assissted extrction of active ingredients from plants. J. Chromatogr. A 1218: 6213–6225 (2011)
Eskilsson CS, Bjorklund E. Analytical-scale microwave-assisted extraction. J. Chromatogr. A 902: 227–250 (2000)
Moreira MM, Morais S, Barros AA, Delerue-Matos C, Guido LF. A novel application of microwave-assissted extraction of polyphenols from brewer’s spent grain with HPLC-DAD-MS analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 403: 1019–1029 (2012)
Spigno G, de Faveri DM. Microwave-assisted extraction of tea phenols: A phenomenological study. J. Food Eng. 93: 210–217 (2004)
Abbasi H, Rezaei K, Emam-djomeh Z, Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi AM. Effect of various extraction conditions on the phenolic contents of pomegranate seed oil. Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 110: 435–440 (2008)
Yang L, Jiang J, Li W, Chen J, Wang D, Zhu L. Optimum extraction process of polyphenolic compounds from the bark of Phyllanthus emblica L. based on the response surface methodology. J. Sep. Sci. 32: 1437–1444 (2009)
Li HB, Cheng KW, Wong CC, Fan KW, Chen F, Jiang Y. Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of different fractions of selected microalgae. Food Chem. 102: 771–776 (2007)
Goli AH, Barzegar M, Sahari MA. Antioxidant activity and total phenolic compounds of pistachio (Pistachia vera) hull extracts. Food Chem. 92: 521–525 (2005)
Guerrero MS, Torres JS, Nunez MJ. Extraction of polyphenolic compounds from white distilled grape pomace: Optimization and modelling. Bioresource Technol. 99: 1311–1318 (2008)
Proestos C, Komaitis M. Application of microwave-assisted extraction to the fast extraction of plant phenolic compounds. LWTFood Sci. Technol. 41: 652–659 (2008)
Chun OK, Kim DO. Consideration on equivalent chemicals in total phenolic assay of chlorogenic acid-rich plums. Food Res. Int. 37: 337–342 (2004)
Naczk M, Shahidi F. Extraction and analysis of phenolics in food. J. Chromatogr. A 1054: 95–111 (2004)
Qu W, Pan Z, Ma H. Extraction modeling and activities of antioxidants from pomegranate marc. J. Food Eng. 99: 16–23 (2010)
Radojkovi M, Zekovi Z, Joki S, Senka Vidovi S, Lepojevi Z, Milosevic S. Optimization of solid-liquid extraction of antioxidants from black mulberry leaves by response surface methodology. Food Technol. Biotech. 50: 167–176 (2012)
Wang LJ, Weller CL. Recent advances in extraction of nutraceuticals from plants. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 17: 300–312 (2006)
Eskilsson CS, Bjorklund E, Mathiasson L, Karlsson L, Torstensson A. Microwave-assisted extraction of felodipine tablets. J. Chromatogr. A 840: 59–70 (1999)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rezaei, S., Rezaei, K., Haghighi, M. et al. Solvent and solvent to sample ratio as main parameters in the microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenolic compounds from apple pomace. Food Sci Biotechnol 22, 1–6 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-013-0212-8
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-013-0212-8