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Dynamic strength and fracturing behavior of persistent fractured granite under dynamic loading

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Abstract

Dynamic impact tests were performed to experimentally study the dynamic mechanical properties, stress wave propagation, energy evolution characteristics, and failure modes of persistent fractured granite with single-bonded and unbonded planar joints at three angles using the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) method and digital image correlation (DIC) method with an ultrahigh-speed camera. The results showed that the dynamic strength of the persistent fractured granite increased with increasing loading rate and decreased with increasing joint angle or joint lengths, while the wave attenuation is more significant at larger joint angles or longer joints. The variation in energy absorption was similar to the variation in dynamic strength, showing a positive correlation between energy absorption and dynamic strength. Moreover, as the joint angle increased from 20° to 30°, the failure mode gradually transformed from tensile- to shear-dominated failure. Combined with an ultrahigh-speed camera and the DIC method, the influencing mechanism of the joint angle and loading rate on the dynamic strength and failure mode was revealed.

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Data Availability

The data are available on request from the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

A :

Cross-sectional area of the bar

c :

Velocity of the stress wave propagating in the elastic bar

C :

Cohesion of the joint

C p :

P-wave velocity of the specimen

E :

Elastic modulus of the bar

f :

Resistance to shear failure

F :

Driving stress for the shear failure of the joint

F 1 :

Loading force on the incident end of the specimen

F 2 :

Loading force on the transmitted end of the specimen

L :

Length of the specimen

L j :

Length of the joint

n :

Round-trip times of the stress wave in the rock sample

R c :

Reflection coefficient

\({\overline{R}_{c}}\) :

Weighted average of the reflection coefficient

R(t):

Stress equilibrium factor

t 0 :

Initiation time of stress equilibrium

t 1 :

Failure time of the dynamic rupture sample

T c :

Transmission coefficient

\({\overline{T}_{c}}\) :

Weighted average of the transmission coefficient

t e :

Stress equilibrium time

u :

Displacement component of the subset center point O in the x direction

v :

Displacement component of the subset center point O in the y direction

W s :

Total energy absorbed by the granite specimen

W i :

Energy associated with the incident wave

W r :

Energy associated with the reflected wave

W t :

Energy associated with the transmitted wave

∆x :

Distance from point P to point O in the x direction

∆y :

Distance from point P to point O in the y direction

\(\frac{\partial u}{\partial x},\;\frac{\partial v}{\partial x},\frac{\partial u}{\partial y},\frac{\partial v}{\partial y}\) :

Gradients of the displacement components of the subset

ε i :

Strain of the incident bar

ε r :

Strain of the reflected bar

ε t :

Strain of the transmitted bar

\(\dot{\sigma }\) :

Loading rate

\({\overline{\sigma}_{c}}\) :

Weighted average of dynamic strength

σ ci :

Strength of the ith specimen

σ dc :

Dynamic compressive strength of the specimen

\(\dot{\sigma}_i\) :

Loading rate of the ith specimen

σ i(t):

Stress associated with the incident wave in the bar at time t

σ r(t):

Stress associated with the reflected wave in the bar at time t

σ t(t):

Stress associated with the transmitted wave in the bar at time t

σ y :

Normal stress of the joint surface

τ crit :

Shear strength of the joint surface

τ xy :

Shear stress of the joint surface

φ :

Internal friction angle of the joint

DIC:

Digital image correlation

PMMA:

Polymethylmethacrylate

SHPB:

Split Hopkinson pressure bar

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41704096, 42174118) and the research grant from the National Institute of Natural Hazards, MEMC (No. ZDJ2020-07). The authors would like to thank WPS Enago (http://www.enago.cn) for the English language review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute of Natural Hazards, MEMC, Beijing, 100085, China

    Guiyun Gao, Hao Zhou & Chenghu Wang

  2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Earthquake Observation, Beijing, 100085, China

    Guiyun Gao, Hao Zhou & Chenghu Wang

  3. State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Kanghua Zhang, Pu Wang & Ying Xu

Authors
  1. Guiyun Gao
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  2. Kanghua Zhang
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  3. Pu Wang
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  4. Ying Xu
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  5. Hao Zhou
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  6. Chenghu Wang
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Correspondence to Ying Xu.

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Gao, G., Zhang, K., Wang, P. et al. Dynamic strength and fracturing behavior of persistent fractured granite under dynamic loading. Bull Eng Geol Environ 83, 218 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-024-03718-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-024-03718-6

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