Abstract
The paper presents a numerical simulation of stress-controlled undrained cyclic tri-axial tests conducted on local sand at various relative densities and CSR values. Two constitutive models for liquefaction, namely, Finn-Byrne model and PM4 sand model are used for the simulation. The results from both the material models are compared with the cyclic test results in terms of the stress strain loops, excess pore pressure ratio, and effective stress path. The chosen models have shown good predicting capabilities for predicting cyclic responses of a sand in terms of stress path and pore water pressure generation but lacks in predicting the stress strain behavior. Also, in terms of simulating the behavior of sand in pre- and post-liquefaction regime, it is found that PM4 sand model is more efficient than Finn model for all the relative densities. Hence, it is recommended that Finn model may be only utilized when a sand fails due to flow liquefaction, whereas PM4 sand model can predict both, flow liquefaction and cyclic mobility, accurately. Finally, the liquefaction resistance curves for different relative densities are obtained using experimental values and PM4 sand model. These curves are thus proposed for any sand with index properties similar to the particular sand considered for the study.
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modified from Omidvar et al. 2012) during cyclic loading for 60% RD with CSR value of 0.23
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Availability of data and material
All the experimental data and the numerical simulations that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Code availability
The numerical simulations as a part of this study were performed in FLAC 2D and MIDAS GTS NX.
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Acknowledgements
The authors’ work was benefitted from the electronic discussions held with Associate Prof. Nikos Gerolymos at National Technical University of Athens. The authors of the paper would also like to thank the reviewers for their time and for the thought provoking comments which helped to improve the quality of the work.
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Fellowship received from Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, for the first author during Masters (M. Tech) at IIT Kharagpur.
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All the authors contributed to the study. The experiments were performed by Rana Chattaraj (as a part of his Ph.D. work) and Raj Banerjee (as a part of his M. Tech work) under the guidance and supervision of Prof. Aniruddha Sengupta which was validated numerically in the present study. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Raj Banerjee and Dr. Yogita Parulekar, and the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Banerjee, R., Chattaraj, R., Parulekar, Y.M. et al. Numerical prediction of undrained cyclic triaxial experiments on saturated Kasai river sand using two constitutive models of liquefaction. Bull Eng Geol Environ 80, 8565–8582 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02449-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-021-02449-2