Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of cyclic loading on mechanical and ultrasonic properties of granite from Maluanshan Tunnel

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The determinations of the effects of cyclic loading on the deformation failure characteristics and ultrasonic properties of granite are significant to accurate the evaluations of stability and safety of excavation damage zones. However, previous experimental studies regarding granite under cyclic loading have not achieved adequate results. This study conducted a series of cyclic tests investigating the mechanical properties and ultrasonic velocities of granite specimens. The results indicated that the stress-strain curves had presented only minimum crack growth phase and no residual strength in the post-peak phase due to the strong brittle properties of the granite. Also, the residual strain of the granite specimens under uniaxial cyclic loading-unloading compression conditions was observed to decrease with the cyclic number as a result of pre-existing crack closure. However, with triaxial cyclic loading, it was found that the residual strain had initially decreased, and then increased after several cycles. It was also was observed that the elastic strain of the granite had displayed increasing trends in both the uniaxial and triaxial cyclic loading-unloading compression experiments. The failure modes in uniaxial cyclic compression tests are known to be complicated, and more failures will be evident with increased damage to the thermoplastic membranes. After confining pressure was applied, the failure mode was determined to mainly be shear fracture and to be less serious than failures observed in the uniaxial cyclic compression tests. The P and S wave velocities showed nonlinear characteristics during the loading processes. The relationship between the dynamic Young’s modulus and the static Young’s modulus could be expressed as a linear function. However, the static Young’s modulus was determined to be larger than the dynamic Young’s modulus. In this present study, both the P and S wave velocities showed that stress related properties first increased and then decreased with the stress.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akinbinu VA (2017) Relationship of brittleness and fragmentation in brittle compression. Eng Geol 221:82–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arslan H, Rosassanchez L (2008) Failure analysis of the granite for a dam foundation. Environ Geol 54(6):1165–1173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bagde MN, Petroš V (2005) Fatigue properties of intact sandstone samples subjected to dynamic uniaxial cyclical loading. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 42(2):237–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cai M, Kaiser PK, Tasaka Y, Maejima T, Morioka H, Minami M (2004) Generalized crack initiation and crack damage stress thresholds of brittle rock masses near underground excavations. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41(5):833–847

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen X, Xu Z (2016) The ultrasonic P-wave velocity-stress relationship of rocks and its application. Bull Eng Geol Environ 76(2):661–669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen Y, Watanabe K, Kusuda H, Kusuda H, Kusaka E, Mabuchi M (2011) Crack growth in westerly granite during a cyclic loading test. Eng Geol 117(3):189–197

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen YF, Wei K, Liu W, Hu SH, Hu R, Zhou CB (2016) Experimental characterization and micromechanical modelling of anisotropic slates. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(9):3541–3557

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dai F, Xia K, Zuo JP, Zhang R, Xu NW (2013) Static and dynamic flexural strength anisotropy of Barre granite. Rock Mech Rock Eng 46(6):1589–1602

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eberhardt E, Stead D, Stimpson B (1999) Quantifying progressive pre-peak brittle fracture damage in rock during uniaxial compression. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 36(3):361–380

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Erarslan N, Williams DJ (2012) Experimental, numerical and analytical studies on tensile strength of rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 49:21–30

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatelier N, Pellet F, Loret B (2002) Mechanical damage of an anisotropic porous rock in cyclic triaxial tests. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 39(3):335–354

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haimson B, Chang C (2000) A new true triaxial cell for testing mechanical properties of rock, and its use to determine rock strength and deformability of westerly granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 37(1):285–296

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heap MJ, Vinciguerra S, Meredith PG (2009) The evolution of elastic moduli with increasing crack damage during cyclic stressing of a basalt from Mt. Etna volcano. Tectonophysics 471(1):153–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoek E, Brown ET (1980) Underground excavations in rock. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmes GM, Crampin S, Young RP (2000) Seismic anisotropy in granite at the Underground Research Laboratory, Manitoba. Geophys Prospect 48(3):415–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jaeger JC, Cook NGW, Zimmerman RW (2007) Fundamentals of rock mechanics. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 87–90

    Google Scholar 

  • Khaksar A, Griffiths CM, McCann C (1999) Compressional-and shear-wave velocities as a function of confining stress in dry sandstones. Geophys Prospect 47(4):487–508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khandelwal M, Singh TN (2009) Correlating static properties of coal measures rocks with P-wave velocity. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 79(1):55–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwon S, Park BY, Kang CH, Chang K (2000) Structural stability analysis for a high-level underground nuclear waste repository in granite. 4th North American rock mechanics symposium. American Rock Mechanics Association

  • Li XB, Lok TS, Zhao J (2005) Dynamic characteristics of granite subjected to intermediate loading rate. Rock Mech Rock Eng 38(1):21–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lin QX, Liu YM, Tham LG, Tang CA, Lee PKK, Wang J (2009) Time-dependent strength degradation of granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 46(7):1103–1114

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu E, He S (2012) Effects of cyclic dynamic loading on the mechanical properties of intact rock samples under confining pressure conditions. Eng Geol 125:81–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin CD, Chandler NA (1994) The progressive fracture of Lac du Bonnet granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr 31(6):643–659

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mogi K (1967) Effect of the intermediate principal stress on rock failure. J Geophys Res 72(20):5117–5131

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Momeni A, Karakus M, Khanlari GR, Heidari M (2015) Effects of cyclic loading on the mechanical properties of a granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 77:89–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasseri MHB, Schubnel A, Young RP (2007) Coupled evolutions of fracture toughness and elastic wave velocities at high crack density in thermally treated westerly granite. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 44(4):601–616

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nishiyama T, Chen Y, Kusuda H, Ito T, Kaneko K, Kita H, Sato T (2002) The examination of fracturing process subjected to triaxial compression test in Inada granite. Eng Geol 66(3):257–269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paterson MS, Wong TF (2005) Experimental rock deformation—the brittle filed. Springer Berlin and Heidelberg, New York, pp 18–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao M, Ramana YV (1992) A study of progressive failure of rock under cyclic loading by ultrasonic and AE monitoring techniques. Rock Mech Rock Eng 25(4):237–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma PK, Singh TN (2008) A correlation between P-wave velocity, impact strength index, slake durability index and uniaxial compressive strength. Bull Eng Geol Environ 67(1):17–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shreedharan S, Kulatilake PHSW (2016) Discontinuum–equivalent continuum analysis of the stability of tunnels in a deep coal mine using the distinct element method. Rock Mech Rock Eng 49(5):1903–1922

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tkalich D, Fourmeau M, Kane A, Li CC, Cailletaud G (2016) Experimental and numerical study of kuru granite under confined compression and indentation. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 87:55–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulusay R, Hudson JA (2007) The complete ISRM suggested methods for rock characterization, testing and monitoring: 1974–2006. Commission on Testing Methods, International Society of Rock Mechanics, Ankara

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang W, Shen J (2017) Comparison of existing methods and a new tensile strength based model in estimating the Hoek-Brown constant mi for intact rocks. Eng Geol 224:87–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao JQ, Ding DX, Jiang FL, Xu G (2010) Fatigue damage variable and evolution of rock subjected to cyclic loading. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(3):461–468

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang SQ, Ranjith PG, Huang YH, Yin PF, Jing HW, Gui YL, Yu QL (2015) Experimental investigation on mechanical damage characteristics of sandstone under triaxial cyclic loading. Geophys J Int 201(2):662–682

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yasar E, Erdogan Y (2004) Correlating sound velocity with the density, compressive strength and Young's modulus of carbonate rocks. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 41(5):871–875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • You M (2010) Mechanical characteristics of the exponential strength criterion under conventional triaxial stresses. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 47(2):195–204

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo JP, Li HT, Xie HP, Ju Y, Peng SP (2008) A nonlinear strength criterion for rock-like materials based on fracture mechanics. Int J Rock Mech Min Sci 45(4):594–599

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo JP, Peng SP, Li YJ, Chen ZH, Xie HP (2009) Investigation of karst collapse based on 3-D seismic technique and DDA method at Xieqiao coal mine, China. Int J Coal Geol 78(4):276–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo JP, Wang JT, Sun YJ, Chen Y, Jiang GH, Li YH (2017) Effects of thermal treatment on fracture characteristics of granite from Beishan, a possible high-level radioactive waste disposal site in China. Eng Fract Mech 182:425–437

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the research fund of Henan Key Laboratory for Green and Efficient Mining & Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Henan Polytechnic University (Grant No. KCF201803), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51622404, 11572343), and Doctoral fund of Henan Polytechnic University (Grant No. B2019-21).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henan Key Laboratory for Green and Efficient Mining & Comprehensive Utilization of Mineral Resources, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, Henan, China

    Yan Chen, Baohua Guo & Wenbing Guo

  2. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, 454000, Henan, China

    Yan Chen, Baohua Guo & Wenbing Guo

  3. School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China

    Jianping Zuo

Authors
  1. Yan Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jianping Zuo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Baohua Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Wenbing Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianping Zuo.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chen, Y., Zuo, J., Guo, B. et al. Effect of cyclic loading on mechanical and ultrasonic properties of granite from Maluanshan Tunnel. Bull Eng Geol Environ 79, 299–311 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01563-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-019-01563-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation