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Failure behaviors of granitic rocks induced by point/local loads under biaxial compression stress state

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Abstract

It is acknowledged that most surrounding rocks of underground engineering are subjected to biaxial static stresses and various dynamic fatigue loads. In most cases, the dynamic loads have a point or local acting area, which affect the failure properties of rocks greatly. To reveal the failure mechanism of rocks under the combined effects of biaxial static stress and dynamic fatigue loads, a series of biaxial compression tests and point/local fatigue-induced failure tests on cubic granite specimens with a side length of 50 mm were conducted out. In the biaxial compression tests (the maximum principal stress σ1 > the intermediate principal stress σ2 > the minimum principal stress σ3 = 0), the biaxial compressive strength of granite presents a monotonous increasing trend with the σ2 increasing from 0 to 40 MPa, while the increasing rate of biaxial compressive strength increases firstly and then decreases with the increase in σ2. The rock failure induced by point/local fatigue loads with 5 kHz frequency was analyzed in this study. It shows that the fatigue life of granite is much shorter than that in the traditional full-section fatigue tests, which increases with the increase in σ2 and decreases as the upper level of the fatigue stress or predefined stress of σ1 increase. From the acoustic emission properties, the failure of rocks under biaxial confinements induced by point/local static or fatigue loads are mainly because of tensile cracks. Meanwhile, the application of a disturbance bar with a smaller cross-sectional area induces rock broken more quickly. It seems that the following measures can be used to improve rock breakage efficiency: increasing the predefined stress in the breaking direction, reducing the lateral confinement, using the breaking bar with a small cross-sectional area, and changing the static loading into the dynamic loading of the breaking force.

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Data availability

Data will be made available on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

σ ucs :

Uniaxial compressive strength

σ bcs :

Biaxial compressive strength

BCT:

Biaxial compression test

BFT:

Biaxial fragmentation test

BSIFT:

Biaxial static-induced failure test

F dmax :

Peak value of the Fld

F smax :

Maximum value of the Fls

σ 2 :

Intermediate principal stress/confining stress

SHB:

Split Hopkinson bar

SHPSB:

Split Hopkinson pressure shear bar

TSHB:

Torsional Hopkinson pressure bar

△σ b cs :

Rock strength increase

n g :

Porosity

w g :

Water absorption

E y :

Elastic modulus

μ :

Poisson's ratio

V L :

Longitudinal wave velocity

F ls :

Static load

F ld :

Dynamic load

BDIFT:

Biaxial dynamic induced failure test

F a :

Amplitude of the breaking force, Fa = 0.5 Fdmax

σ 1 :

Maximum principal stress

σ 3 :

Minimum principal stress

SHPB:

Split Hopkinson pressure bar

SHTB:

Split Hopkinson pressure tension bar

△V bcs :

Rock strength increase rate

ρ g :

Density

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Acknowledgements

This study was funded the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2021RC3007) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos: 52174099 and 51774326).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China

    Kun Du, Ruiyang Bi, Yu Sun, Chengzhi Yang & Shaofeng Wang

  2. School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China

    Guichen Li

  3. School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Shanyong Wang

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  1. Kun Du
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Correspondence to Shaofeng Wang.

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Du, K., Bi, R., Sun, Y. et al. Failure behaviors of granitic rocks induced by point/local loads under biaxial compression stress state. Acta Geotech. 18, 4645–4669 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-023-01852-1

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