Abstract
We compared three techniques to specify 3D positions for collaborative augmented reality (AR) visualization. AR head-mounted displays allow multiple users to share the same physical space, while keeping seamless social interactions. Interactions being key parts of exploratory visualization tasks, we adapted from the virtual reality literature three distinct techniques to specify points in 3D space, such as for placing annotations for which they cannot rely on existing data objects. We evaluated these techniques on their accuracy and speed, the user’s subjective workload and preferences, as well as their co-presence, mutual understanding, and behavior in collaborative tasks. Our results suggest that all the three techniques provide good mutual understanding and co-presence among collaborators. They differ, however, in the way users behave, their accuracy, and their speed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
We use the term specification and not selection as we are interested in arbitrary points inside the dataset that are not defined a priori as data elements, in contrast to the selection of such well-defined points.
While an arithmetic mean is based on the sum of a set of values, a geometric mean uses the product of the values. It dampens the effect of potential extreme completion times, otherwise these could have biased an arithmetic mean. We plotted results and pair-wise ratios in Fig. 6a.
References
Adcock M, Feng D, Thomas B (2013) Visualization of off-surface 3D viewpoint locations in spatial augmented reality. In: Proceedings of the SUI, ACM, New York, pp 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1145/2491367.2491378
Amrhein V, Trafimow D (2018) Greenland S (2018) Inferential statistics as descriptive statistics: there is no replication crisis if we don’t expect replication. Am Stat. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2018.1543137
Amrhein V, Greenland S, McShane B (2019) Scientists rise up against statistical significance. Nature 567(7748):305–307. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-00857-9
Argelaguet F, Andujar C (2013) A survey of 3D object selection techniques for virtual environments. Comput Graphics 37(3):121–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2012.12.003
Baguley T (2009) Standardized or simple effect size: What should be reported? Br J Psychol 100(3):603–617. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712608X377117
Baloup M, Pietrzak T, Casiez G (2019) RayCursor: a 3D pointing facilitation technique based on raycasting. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 101:1–101:12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300331
Batmaz AU, Stuerzlinger W (2019) Effects of 3D rotational jitter and selection methods on 3D pointing tasks. In: Proceedings of the VR, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 1687–1692. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2019.8798038
Benford S, Greenhalgh C, Reynard G, Brown C, Koleva B (1998) Understanding and constructing shared spaces with mixed-reality boundaries. ACM Trans Comput-Hum Interact 5(3):185–223. https://doi.org/10.1145/292834.292836
Benko H, Feiner S (2007) Balloon selection: a multi-finger technique for accurate low-fatigue 3D selection. In: Proceedings of the 3DUI, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 79–86. https://doi.org/10.1109/3DUI.2007.340778
Benko H, Wilson AD, Baudisch P (2006) Precise selection techniques for multi-touch screens. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 1263–1272. https://doi.org/10.1145/1124772.1124963
Besançon L, Dragicevic P (2019) The continued prevalence of dichotomous inferences at CHI. In: Proceedings of the CHI Extended Abstracts, ACM, New York, pp alt14:1–alt14:11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3310432
Besançon L, Ammi M, Isenberg T (2017a) Pressure-based gain factor control for mobile 3D interaction using locally-coupled devices. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 1831–1842. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025890
Besançon L, Issartel P, Ammi M, Isenberg T (2017) Hybrid tactile/tangible interaction for 3D data exploration. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graphics 23(1):881–890. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2599217
Besançon L, Sereno M, Yu L, Ammi M, Isenberg T (2019) Hybrid touch/tangible spatial 3D data selection. Comput Graphics Forum 38(3):553–567. https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13710
Besançon L, Jansen Y, Cockburn A, Dragicevic P (2021) Definitely maybe: Hedges and boosters in the HCI literature. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/mjg7h
Billinghurst M, Cordeil M, Bezerianos A, Margolis T (2018) Collaborative immersive analytics. In: Marriott K, Schreiber F, Dwyer T, Klein K, Henry RN, Itoh T, Stuerzlinger W, Thomas BH (eds) Immersive analytics, Springer, Berlin, chap 8, pp 221–257, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01388-2_8
Bornik A, Beichel R, Kruijff E, Reitinger B, Schmalstieg D (2006) A hybrid user interface for manipulation of volumetric medical data. In: Proceedings of the 3DUI, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2006.8
Bowman D, Wingrave C, Campbell J, Ly V (2001) Using pinch gloves™ for both natural and abstract interaction techniques in virtual environments. Tech. Rep. TR-01-23, Department of Computer Science (0106) Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
Bowman DA, Hodges LF (1997) An evaluation of techniques for grabbing and manipulating remote objects in immersive virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the I3D, ACM, New York, pp 35–38. https://doi.org/10.1145/253284.253301
Bowman DA, Johnson DB, Hodges LF (1999) Testbed evaluation of virtual environment interaction techniques. In: Proceedings of the VRST, ACM, New York, pp 26—-33. https://doi.org/10.1145/323663.323667
Bruckner S, Isenberg T, Ropinski T, Wiebel A (2019) A model of spatial directness in interactive visualization. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graphics 25(8):2514–2528. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2018.2848906
Bruder G, Steinicke F, Stürzlinger W (2013) Effects of visual conflicts on 3D selection task performance in stereoscopic display environments. In: Proceedings of the 3DUI, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1109/3DUI.2013.6550207
Büschel W, Chen J, Dachselt R, Drucker S, Dwyer T, Görg C, Isenberg T, Kerren A, North C, Stuerzlinger W (2018) Interaction for immersive analytics. In: Marriott K, Schreiber F, Dwyer T, Klein K, Riche NH, Itoh T, Stuerzlinger W, Thomas BH (eds) Immersive analytics, Springer, Berlin, chap 4. pp 95–138, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01388-2_4
Cockburn A, Gutwin C, Dix A (2018) Hark no more: On the preregistration of chi experiments. In: Proceedings of the 2018 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems, ACM, New York, CHI ’18, p 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/3173574.3173715
Cockburn A, Dragicevic P, Besançon L, Gutwin C (2020) Threats of a replication crisis in empirical computer science. Commun ACM 63(8):70–79. https://doi.org/10.1145/3360311
Coe R (2002) It’s the effect size, stupid: What effect size is and why it is important. In: Proceedings of the BERA, London, pp 12:1–12:14
Cumming G (2014) The new statistics: Why and how. Psychol Sci 25(1):7–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797613504966
Cutting JE, Vishton PM (1995) Perceiving layout and knowing distances: the integration, relative potency, and contextual use of different information about depth. In: Perception of space and motion, Elsevier, pp 69–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012240530-3/50005-5
Czauderna T, Haga J, Kim J, Klapperstück M, Klein K, Kuhlen T, Oeltze-Jafra S, Sommer B, Schreiber F (2018) Immersive analytics applications in life and health sciences. In: Immersive analytics, Springer, Cham, pp 289–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01388-2_10
Daiber F, Falk E, Krüger A (2012) Balloon selection revisited: Multi-touch selection techniques for stereoscopic data. In: Proceedings of the AVI, ACM, New York, pp 441–444. https://doi.org/10.1145/2254556.2254641
Dragicevic P (2016) Fair statistical communication in HCI. In: Robertson J, Kaptein M (eds) Modern statistical methods for HCI, Springer, Cham, chap 13, pp 291–330. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26633-6_13
Dragicevic P, Chevalier F, Huot S (2014) Running an HCI experiment in multiple parallel universes. In: CHI extended abstracts, ACM, New York, pp 607–618. https://doi.org/10.1145/2559206.2578881
Fleming PJ, Wallace JJ (1986) How not to lie with statistics: the correct way to summarize benchmark results. Commun. ACM 29(3):218–221. https://doi.org/10.1145/5666.5673
Forsberg A, Herndon K, Zeleznik R (1996) Aperture based selection for immersive virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the UIST, ACM, New York, pp 95–96. https://doi.org/10.1145/237091.237105
Fu CW, Goh WB, Ng JA (2010) Multi-touch techniques for exploring large-scale 3D astrophysical simulations. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 2213–2222. https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753661
Gigerenzer G (2018) Statistical rituals: the replication delusion and how we got there. Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245918771329
Grossman T, Balakrishnan R (2005) The bubble cursor: enhancing target acquisition by dynamic resizing of the cursor’s activation area. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 281–290. https://doi.org/10.1145/1054972.1055012
Grossman T, Balakrishnan R (2006) The design and evaluation of selection techniques for 3D volumetric displays. In: Proceedings of the UIST, ACM, New York, pp 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/1166253.1166257
Gupta K, Lee GA, Billinghurst M (2016) Do you see what I see? The effect of gaze tracking on task space remote collaboration. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 22(11):2413–2422. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2593778
Gutwin C, Greenberg S (2002) A descriptive framework of workspace awareness for real-time groupware. Comput Support Cooperat Work 11(3):411–446. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021271517844
Harmon R, Patterson W, Ribarsky W, Bolter J (1996) The virtual annotation system. In: Proceedings of the VR, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 239–245. https://doi.org/10.1109/VRAIS.1996.490533
Harms C, Biocca F (2004) Internal consistency and reliability of the networked minds measure of social presence. In: Seventh annual international workshop: presence
Hart SG (2006) Nasa-task load index (NASA-TLX); 20 years later. Proc Hum Factors Ergon Soc Annu Meet 50(9):904–908. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193120605000909
Helske J, Helske S, Cooper M, Ynnerman A, Besançon L (2021) Can visualization alleviate dichotomous thinking? Effects of visual representations on the cliff effect. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 27(8):3397–3409. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2021.3073466
Hincapié-Ramos JD, Guo X, Moghadasian P, Irani P (2014) Consumed endurance: a metric to quantify arm fatigue of mid-air interactions. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 1063–1072. https://doi.org/10.1145/2556288.2557130
Hinckley K, Pausch R, Goble JC, Kassell NF (1994) Passive real-world interface props for neurosurgical visualization. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 452–458. https://doi.org/10.1145/191666.191821
Hurter C, Riche NH, Drucker SM, Cordeil M, Alligier R, Vuillemot R (2019) FiberClay: sculpting three dimensional trajectories to reveal structural insights. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 25(1):704–714. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2018.2865191
Irlitti A, Smith RT, Von Itzstein S, Billinghurst M, Thomas BH (2016) Challenges for asynchronous collaboration in augmented reality. In: Proceedings of the ISMAR-Adjunct, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 31–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct.2016.0032
Isenberg T (2016) Interactive exploration of three-dimensional scientific visualizations on large display surfaces. In: Anslow C, Campos P, Jorge J (eds) Collaboration meets interactive spaces, Springer, Berlin, chap 6, pp 97–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45853-3_6
Issartel P, Besançon L, Isenberg T, Ammi M (2016) A tangible volume for portable 3D interaction. In: Proceedings of the ISMAR, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR-Adjunct.2016.0079
Jackson B, Lau TY, Schroeder D, Toussaint KC, Keefe DF (2013) A lightweight tangible 3D interface for interactive visualization of thin fiber structures. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 19(12):2802–2809. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2013.121
Jansen Y, Dragicevic P, Fekete JD (2013) Evaluating the efficiency of physical visualizations. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 2593–2602. https://doi.org/10.1145/2470654.2481359
Johnson CR (2004) Top scientific visualization research problems. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 24(4):13–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2004.20
Keefe DF (2010) Integrating visualization and interaction research to improve scientific workflows. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 30(2):8–13. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCG.2010.30
Keefe DF, Isenberg T (2013) Reimagining the scientific visualization interaction paradigm. Computer 46(5):51–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/MC.2013.178
Kim K, Billinghurst M, Bruder G, Duh HBL, Welch GF (2018) Revisiting trends in augmented reality research: a review of the \(2^{nd}\) decade of ISMAR (2008–2017). IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 24(11):2947–2962. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2018.2868591
Klapperstuck M, Czauderna T, Goncu C, Glowacki J, Dwyer T, Schreiber F, Marriott K (2016) ContextuWall: Peer collaboration using (large) displays. In: Proceedings of the BDVA, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/BDVA.2016.7787047
Klein T, Guéniat F, Pastur L, Vernier F, Isenberg T (2012) A design study of direct-touch interaction for exploratory 3D scientific visualization. Comput Graph Forum 31(3pt3):1225–1234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8659.2012.03115.x
Krzywinski M, Altman N (2013) Points of significance: error bars. Nat Methods 10(10):921–922. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2659
Le Goc M, Dragicevic P, Huron S, Boy J, Fekete JD (2016) A better grasp on pictures under glass: comparing touch and tangible object manipulation using physical proxies. In: Proceedings of the AVI, ACM, New York, pp 76–83. https://doi.org/10.1145/2909132.2909247
Lee GA, Teo T, Kim S, Billinghurst M (2018) A user study on MR remote collaboration using live 360 video. In: Proceedings of the ISMAR, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 153–164. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2018.00051
Lenne D, Thouvenin I, Aubry S (2009) Supporting design with 3D-annotations in a collaborative virtual environment. Res Eng Des 20(3):149–155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00163-009-0071-8
Longo L (2017) Subjective usability, mental workload assessments and their impact on objective human performance. In: Proceedings of the Springer International Publishing, Cham, INTERACT, pp 202–223
Looser J, Billinghurst M, Grasset R, Cockburn A (2007) An evaluation of virtual lenses for object selection in augmented reality. In: Proceedings of the GRAPHITE, ACM, New York, pp 203–210. https://doi.org/10.1145/1321261.1321297
Marriott K, Schreiber F, Dwyer T, Klein K, Henry RN, Itoh T, Stuerzlinger W, Thomas BH (2018) Immersive analytics. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01388-2
McIntire JP, Havig PR, Geiselman EE (2014) Stereoscopic 3D displays and human performance: a comprehensive review. Displays 35(1):18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2013.10.004
McShane BB, Gal D (2017) Statistical significance and the dichotomization of evidence. J Am Stat Assoc 112(519):885–895. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2017.1289846
Milgram P, Kishino F (1994) A taxonomy of mixed reality visual displays. IEICE Trans Inf Syst E77–D(12):1321–1329
Nilsson S, Johansson B, Jonsson A (2009) Using AR to support cross-organisational collaboration in dynamic tasks. In: Proceedings of the ISMAR, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2009.5336522
Oda O, Feiner S (2012) 3D referencing techniques for physical objects in shared augmented reality. In: Proceedings of the ISMAR, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 207–215. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2012.6402558
Pierce JS, Stearns BC, Pausch R (1999) Voodoo dolls: seamless interaction at multiple scales in virtual environments. In: Proceedings of the I3D, ACM, New York, pp 141–145. https://doi.org/10.1145/300523.300540
Piumsomboon T, Dey A, Ens B, Lee G, Billinghurst M (2019) The effects of sharing awareness cues in collaborative mixed reality. Front Rob AI 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2019.00005
Piumsomboon T, Lee GA, Irlitti A, Ens B, Thomas BH, Billinghurst M (2019b) On the shoulder of the giant: a multi-scale mixed reality collaboration with 360 video sharing and tangible interaction. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 228:1–228:17. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300458
Poupyrev I, Billinghurst M, Weghorst S, Ichikawa T (1996) The Go-go interaction technique: non-linear mapping for direct manipulation in VR. In: Proceedings of the UIST, ACM, New York, pp 79–80. https://doi.org/10.1145/237091.237102
Poupyrev I, Ichikawa T, Weghorst S, Billinghurst M (1998) Egocentric object manipulation in virtual environments: empirical evaluation of interaction techniques. Comput Graph Forum 17(3):41–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8659.00252
Rheingans P (2002) Are we there yet? Exploring with dynamic visualization. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 22(1):6–10. https://doi.org/10.1109/38.974511
Ro H, Chae S, Kim I, Byun J, Yang Y, Park Y, Han T (2017) A dynamic depth-variable ray-casting interface for object manipulation in AR environments. In: Proceedings of the SMC, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 2873–2878. https://doi.org/10.1109/SMC.2017.8123063
Rosa DAW, Nagel HH (2010) Selection techniques for dense and occluded virtual 3D environments, supported by depth feedback: double, bound and depth bubble cursors. In: Proceedings of the SCCC, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 218–225. https://doi.org/10.1109/SCCC.2010.51
Saalfeld P, Glaßer S, Beuing O, Preim B (2017) The FAUST framework: free-form annotations on unfolding vascular structures for treatment planning. Comput Graph 65:12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cag.2017.03.003
Sauro J, Lewis JR (2010) Average task times in usability tests: What to report? In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 2347–2350. https://doi.org/10.1145/1753326.1753679
Schmalstieg D, Fuhrmann A, Hesina G, Szalavári Z, Encarnação LM, Gervautz M, Purgathofer W (2002) The Studierstube augmented reality project. Presence: Teleoper Virtual Environ 11(1):33–54. https://doi.org/10.1162/105474602317343640
Sereno M, Wang X, Besançon L, Mcguffin MJ, Isenberg T (2021) Collaborative work in augmented reality: a survey. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.3032761 (in press)
Sherbondy A, Akers D, Mackenzie R, Dougherty R, Wandell B (2005) Exploring connectivity of the brain’s white matter with dynamic queries. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 11(4):419–430. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2005.59
Springmeyer RR, Blattner MM, Max NL (1992) A characterization of the scientific data analysis process. In: Proceedings of the VIS, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 235–242. https://doi.org/10.1109/VISUAL.1992.235203
Stoakley R, Conway MJ, Pausch R (1995) Virtual reality on a WIM: interactive worlds in miniature. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1145/223904.223938
Surale HB, Gupta A, Hancock M, Vogel D (2019) TabletInVR: exploring the design space for using a multi-touch tablet in virtual reality. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York, pp 13:1–13:13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300243
Szalavári Z, Schmalsteig D, Fuhrmann A, Gervautz M (1998) “Studierstube”: an environment for collaboration in augmented reality. Virtual Real 3(1):37–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01409796
Teo T, Lee GA, Billinghurst M, Adcock M (2018) Hand gestures and visual annotation in live 360 panorama-based mixed reality remote collaboration. In: Proceedings of the OzCHI, ACM, New York, pp 406–410. https://doi.org/10.1145/3292147.3292200
Top A, Hamarneh G, Abugharbieh R (2011) Spotlight: Automated confidence-based user guidance for increasing efficiency in interactive 3D image segmentation. In: Proceedings of the MCV, Springer, Berlin, pp 204–213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18421-5_20
Tory M, Möller T (2004) Human factors in visualization research. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 10(1):72–84. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2004.1260759
Valentine JC, Aloe AM, Lau TS (2015) Life after NHST: How to describe your data without “p-ing” everywhere. Basic Appl Soc Psychol 37(5):260–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/01973533.2015.1060240
VandenBos GR (ed) (2009) Publication manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edn. American Psychological Association, Washington
Wang X, Besançon L, Guéniat F, Sereno M, Ammi M, Isenberg T (2019) A vision of bringing immersive visualization to scientific workflows. In: Workshop CHI-IA, Glasgow, UK
Wang X, Besançon L, Rousseau D, Sereno M, Ammi M, Isenberg T (2020) Towards an understanding of augmented reality extensions for existing 3D data analysis tools. In: Proceedings of the CHI, ACM, New York. https://doi.org/10.1145/3313831.3376657
Yu L, Svetachov P, Isenberg P, Everts MH, Isenberg T (2010) FI3D: Direct-touch interaction for the exploration of 3D scientific visualization spaces. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 16(6):1613–1622. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2010.157
Yu L, Efstathiou K, Isenberg P, Isenberg T (2012) Efficient structure-aware selection techniques for 3D point cloud visualizations with 2DOF input. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 18(12):2245–2254. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2012.217
Yu L, Efstathiou K, Isenberg P, Isenberg T (2016) CAST: Effective and efficient user interaction for context-aware selection in 3D particle clouds. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 22(1):886–895. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2015.2467202
Zhou F, Duh HBL, Billinghurst M (2008) Trends in augmented reality tracking, interaction and display: a review of ten years of ISMAR. In: Proceedings of the ISMAR, IEEE CS, Los Alamitos, pp 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISMAR.2008.4637362
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary Information
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary file1 (MP4 44534 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sereno, M., Besançon, L. & Isenberg, T. Point specification in collaborative visualization for 3D scalar fields using augmented reality. Virtual Reality 26, 1317–1334 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-021-00614-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-021-00614-2