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Enabling design and interactive selection of haptic modes

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Abstract

The ever increasing size and complexity of volumetric data in a wide range of disciplines makes it useful to augment volume visualization tools with alternative modalities. Studies have shown that introducing haptics can significantly increase both exploration speed and precision. It is also capable of conveying material properties of data and thus has great potential to improve user performance in volume data exploration. In this paper we describe how recent advances in volume haptics can be used to build haptic modes—building blocks for haptic schemes. These modes have been used as base components of a toolkit allowing for more efficient development of haptic prototypes and applications. This toolkit allows interactive construction, configuration and fine-tuning of both visual and haptic representations of the data. The technology is also used in a pilot study to determine the most important issues and aspects in haptic volume data interaction and exploration, and how the use of haptic modes can facilitate the implementation of effective haptic schemes.

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Acknowledgments

Lars Wigström at the Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV) at Linköping University and Mattias Sillén at Saab AB are gratefully acknowledged for providing high quality datasets. The staff at CMIV are also gratefully acknowledged for participation in the pilot study and Lena Tibell at the department of biomedicine and surgery for help with the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Norrköping Visualization and Interaction Studio, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Karljohan Lundin, Matthew Cooper & Anders Ynnerman

  2. Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

    Anders Persson

  3. SenseGraphics AB, Stockholm, Sweden

    Daniel Evestedt

Authors
  1. Karljohan Lundin
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  2. Matthew Cooper
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  3. Anders Persson
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  4. Daniel Evestedt
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  5. Anders Ynnerman
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karljohan Lundin.

Appendix 1 The Questionnaire

Appendix 1 The Questionnaire

The questions in the questionnaire are answered with a value between one and five corresponding to “do not agree” and “fully agree”, respectively (Likert scaling). Each question listed below is marked with a letter, corresponding to a line in Fig. 9. The questions have been translated from the original Swedish.

Fig. 9
figure 9

The answers from the questionnaire. Each question is answered using a five level Likert scale. The order and colour of the blocks corresponds to the answer and their size and number corresponds to the number of subjects giving that answer

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The visual representation...

A:

...has a resolution high enough

B:

...is well classified

C:

...has good update rate

The stream–ribbons...

D:

...give good visual representation of the flow

E:

...are easy to use and handle

F:

...behave in a predictable manner

The haptic interaction...

G:

...is easy to learn to use

H:

...describes the flow in a comprehensive manner

I:

...makes it easier to understand the flow

J:

...makes it easier to find flow

K:

...helps when distributing stream–ribbons

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Lundin, K., Cooper, M., Persson, A. et al. Enabling design and interactive selection of haptic modes. Virtual Reality 11, 1–13 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-006-0033-7

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