Abstract
A method of estimating groundwater recharge, based on water-balance components using the SWAT-MODFLOW model (an integrated surface water-groundwater model), is described. A multi-reservoir storage routing module is suggested instead of a single storage routing module in SWAT; this represents a more realistic delay in the travel of water through the vadose zone. By using this module, the parameter related to the delay time can be optimized by checking the correlation between simulated recharge and observed groundwater levels. The final step of this procedure is to compare simulated groundwater levels as well as the simulated watershed stream flow with the observed groundwater levels and watershed stream flow. This method is applied to the Mihocheon watershed in South Korea to estimate spatio-temporal groundwater recharge distribution. The computed annual recharge rate is compared with the independently estimated recharge rate using BFLOW. The hydrologic modelling results show that the annual average recharge rate should be estimated by a long-term continuous simulation with a distributed hydrologic modelling technique.
Résumé
Une méthode d’évaluation de la réalimentation des eaux souterraines est décrite, elle se base sur les composantes du bilan en eau et utilisant le modèle SWAT-MODFLOW (modèle intégré eaux de surface–eaux souterraines). Il est proposé d’utiliser un module de répartition multi-réservoirs au lieu du module à stockage unique de SWAT, pour aboutir à un temps de transit plus représentatif du trajet dans la zone vadose. En utilisant ce module, le paramètre relatif à ce temps de transit peut être optimisé en vérifiant la corrélation entre la réalimentation simulée et les niveaux observés. L’étape finale de cette procédure consiste à comparer les niveaux et débits simulés à l’exutoire avec les données observées. Cette méthode a été appliquée au bassin versant du Mihocheon en Corée du Sud, afin d’estimer la répartition spatio-temporelle de la réalimentation des eaux souterraines. Le taux de recharge annuelle calculé a été comparé à l’estimation utilisant BFLOW. Les résultats de la modélisation hydrologique montrent que la réalimentation annuelle moyenne doit être estimée par une simulation continue à long terme, avec un modèle hydrologique réparti.
Resumen
Se describe un método de estimación de la recarga de aguas subterráneas, basados en las componentes del balance de agua usando el modelo SWAT-MODFLOW (un modelo integrado aguas superficiales–aguas subterráneas). Se sugiere un módulo predeterminado de almacenamiento multi-reservorio, en lugar de un módulo de almacenamiento simple en el SWAT, este representa un retardo más realista en el tránsito del agua a través de la zona vadosa. Usando este módulo, el parámetro relacionado con el retardo en el tiempo puede ser optimizado controlando la correlación entre la recarga simulada y los niveles observados de aguas subterráneas. El paso final de este procedimiento es comparar los niveles simulados de aguas subterráneas así como también el flujo superficial simulado de la cuenca con los niveles de aguas subterráneas y el flujo superficial observados. Este método fue aplicado a la cuenca de drenaje Mihocheon en Corea del Sur para estimar la distribución espacio temporal en la recarga de aguas subterráneas. El ritmo calculado de la recarga anual se compara con el ritmo de recarga estimada independientemente usando BFLOW. Los resultados del modelado hidrológico muestran que el ritmo de recarga anual promedio debe ser estimada por una simulación continua a largo plazo con una técnica de modelado hidrológico distribuido.
摘要
本文介绍了-种采用基于水均衡要素的SWAT-MODFLOW模型 (地表水地下水耦合模型) 计算地下水补给速率的方法. 建议采用多库调洪模块来代替SWAT模型中的多库调洪模块; 这样更加符合地下水在包气带中运移延迟的实际情形. 通过使用此模块, 分析模拟的补给量和观测水位之间的关系, 便可优化与延迟时间相关的参数. 程序的最后-步是将模拟得到的地下水位, 流域径流与相对应的实际观测值进行比较. 将这-方法应用于韩国Mihocheon流域, 计算地下水补给速率的时空分布. 得到的年补给量与单独采用BFLOW算得的年补给量进行了对比. 水文模拟结果表明, 年平均补给量应采用分布式水文模拟方法基于长期的持续性模拟来估算.
초록
통합 지표수-지하수 모형인 SWAT-MODFLOW 모형을 이용한 물수지 성분해석 기반의 지하수 함양량 추정방법이 소개되었다. SWAT의 지하수 성분을 구성하는 단일저류추적모듈을 다중저류추적모듈로 개선한 기법이 제시되어 비포화대를 통과하는 지하수분의 시간적 지체를 보다 현실적으로 표현할 수 있게 되었다. 이 모듈을 이용할 경우, 계산된 함양량과 관측 지하수위간의 상관성을 고려하여 지체시간을 결정하는 매개변수를 최적화 할 수 있다. 이 절차의 마지막 단계는 계산된 지하수위와 관측수위를 비교하는 동시에 유역 하천유출량의 관측치와 계산치를 비교하는 것이다. 이 방법은 대한민국의 미호천 유역에 대한 지하수 함양의 시공간적 분포를 추정하는데 적용되었다. 연간함양률 계산시 기저유출분리법인 BFLOW를 이용하여 추정된 함양률과 비교검토를 수행하였다. 수문학적 모델링 결과 연평균 함양률 산정시 분포형 수문모형기법에 의한 장기 연속 모의결과를 활용하는 것이 적절할 것으로 판단된다.
Resumo
Descreve-se um método de avaliação da recarga de aquíferos baseado na análise do balanço hídrico do modelo SWAT-MODFLOW (um modelo integrado de águas de superfície-águas subterrâneas). Sugere-se um módulo multi-reservatórios para o armazenamento subterrâneo em vez do módulo clássico do reservatório único do SWAT; esta sugestão permite representar de forma mais realista o atraso do percurso da água na zona vadosa. Usando este módulo, o parâmetro relativo ao atraso pode ser optimizado por análise da correlação entre a recarga simulada e os níveis de água observados. O passo final deste processo é comparar os níveis simulados da água subterrânea e os valores dos escoamentos superficiais simulados com os correspondentes valores observados dos níveis de água subterrânea e valores de fluxo medido nas bacias hidrográficas. Este método foi aplicado à bacia hidrográfica de Mihocheon, na Coreia do Sul, para estimar a distribuição no espaço e no tempo da recarga da água subterrânea. A taxa de recarga anual calculada é comparada com a taxa de recarga estimada de forma independente, usando o modelo BFLOW. O resultado hidrológico da modelação mostra que a taxa anual da recarga média deve ser estimada por uma simulação continua a longo termo usando uma técnica de modelação hidrológica distribuída.
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This research was supported by a grant (code No. 2-2-3) from the Sustainable Water Resources Research Center of the 21st Century Frontier Research Program.
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Chung, IM., Kim, NW., Lee, J. et al. Assessing distributed groundwater recharge rate using integrated surface water-groundwater modelling: application to Mihocheon watershed, South Korea. Hydrogeol J 18, 1253–1264 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0593-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-010-0593-1