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Stochastic analysis of the effect of spatial variability of diffusion parameters on radionuclide transport in a low permeability clay layer

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Abstract

Most studies that incorporate subsurface heterogeneity in groundwater flow and transport models only analyze and simulate the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity. Heterogeneity of the other flow and transport parameters are usually neglected. This approach is often justified, but there are, however, cases in which disregarding the heterogeneity of the other flow and transport parameters can be questionable. In low permeability media, for instance, diffusion is often the dominant transport mechanism. It therefore seems logical to incorporate the spatial variability of the diffusion parameters in the transport model. This study therefore analyses and simulates the spatial variability of the effective diffusion coefficient and the diffusion accessible porosity with geostatistical techniques and incorporates their heterogeneity in the transport model of a low permeability formation. The formation studied was Boom clay (Belgium), a candidate host rock for the deep geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The calculated output radionuclide fluxes of this model are compared with the fluxes calculated with a homogeneous model and a model with a heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity distribution. This analysis shows that the heterogeneity of the diffusion parameters has a much larger effect on the calculated output radionuclide fluxes than the heterogeneity of hydraulic conductivity in the low permeability medium under study.

Résumé

Analyse stochastique de l’effet de la variation spatiale des paramètres de diffusion sur le transport de radionucléides dans les niveaux argileux de faible perméabilité. La plupart des études qui prennent en compte l’hétérogénéité du sous-sol dans les modèles d’écoulement et de transport de l’eau souterraine analysent et simulent la variation de la conductivité hydraulique. L’hétérogénéité des autres paramètres de l’écoulement et du transport est souvent négligée. Si cette simplification est souvent justifiée, parfois, la non-prise en compte de l’hétérogénéité des autres paramètres de l’écoulement et du transport est discutable. Par exemple, dans les milieux à faible perméabilité, la diffusion est souvent le moyen privilégié de transport. Il paraît par conséquent logique d’incorporer la variabilité de ce paramètre dans le modèle de transport. Cette étude analyse et simule la variation spatiale du coefficient de diffusion et de la porosité disponible pour la diffusion grâce aux techniques géostatistiques. L’hétérogénéité de ces paramètres est prise en compte dans le modèle de transport d’une formation à faible perméabilité. La formation étudiée est celle des argiles de Boom (Belgique), une roche candidate pour l’hébergement à grande profondeur de déchets hautement radioactifs. Les flux sortants de radionucléides nucléides calculés par ce modèle sont comparés aux flux calculés avec un modèle homogène et avec ceux d’un modèle qui intègre une hétérogénéité de la distribution de la conductivité hydraulique. L’analyse montre que dans ce milieu à faible perméabilité, l’hétérogénéité des paramètres de diffusion à des effets bien plus importants sur les flux sortants des radionucléides que l’hétérogénéité de la conductivité hydraulique.

Resumen

La mayoría de los estudios que incorporan la heterogeneidad subsuperficial en los modelos de flujo y transporte de agua subterránea, sólo analizan y simulan la variabilidad espacial de la conductividad hidráulica. La heterogeneidad de los otros parámetros de flujo y transporte es normalmente menospreciada. Este acercamiento es a menudo justificado, pero sin embargo hay casos en los cuales la falta de atención a la heterogeneidad de los otros parámetros de flujo y de transporte puede ser cuestionable. En los medios de permeabilidad baja, por ejemplo, la difusión es a menudo el mecanismo de transporte dominante. Parece lógico por consiguiente incorporar la variabilidad espacial de los parámetros de difusión en el modelo de transporte. Este estudio analiza por consiguiente y simula la variabilidad espacial del coeficiente de difusión eficaz y la porosidad de difusión accesible, usando técnicas geoestadisticas e incorpora su heterogeneidad en el modelo de transporte de una formación de permeabilidad baja. La formación estudiada fue la Arcilla Boom (Bélgica), una roca huésped escogida para la disposición geológica profunda de desechos de alto nivel de radiactividad. Los flujos calculados de salida del isótopo radioactivo de este modelo, se comparan con los flujos calculados con un modelo homogéneo y un modelo con una distribución de conductividad hidráulica heterogénea. Este análisis muestra que la heterogeneidad de los parámetros de difusión, tiene un efecto mucho más grande sobre el flujo calculado de salida del isótopo radioactivo, que la heterogeneidad de la conductividad hidráulica en el medio de permeabilidad baja estudiado.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to acknowledge the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders for providing a Research Assistant scholarship to the first author. We also wish to thank ONDRAF/NIRAS (Belgium agency for radioactive waste and enriched fissile materials) and SCK-CEN (Belgian Nuclear Research Centre) for providing the necessary data for this study. We also thank René Therrien and Rob McLaren for providing FRAC3DVS and for their assistance. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive reviews.

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Correspondence to Marijke Huysmans.

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Huysmans, M., Dassargues, A. Stochastic analysis of the effect of spatial variability of diffusion parameters on radionuclide transport in a low permeability clay layer. Hydrogeol J 14, 1094–1106 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0035-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-006-0035-2

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