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Minimalinvasive Versorgung von Kalkaneusfrakturen

Minimally invasive stabilization of calcaneal fractures

  • Standards in der Unfallchirurgie
  • Published:
Trauma und Berufskrankheit

Zusammenfassung

Kalkaneusfrakturen sind schwere Verletzungen mit weitreichenden Folgen für die Statik des Rückfußes und Integrität des unteren Sprunggelenks. Perkutane Repositionstechniken werden seit der Erstbeschreibung durch Westhues 1934 für einfache Frakturen mit großem Tuberfragment (Sanders II C) erfolgreich angewandt. Für dislozierte Trümmerfrakturen mit imprimierten, vom Tuber separierten Gelenkflächenfragmenten haben sich die offene Reposition und Plattenosteosynthese über einen erweiterten lateralen Zugang seit den 1990er-Jahren trotz der hohen Wundkomplikationsrate von bis zu 25 % als Goldstandard etabliert. Während Studien den Zusammenhang anatomischer Gelenkflächenreposition und gutem Outcome belegten und eine offene Frakturreposition alternativlos erscheinen ließen, ist mittlerweile dank flächendeckender Verbreitung moderner 3‑D-Bildwandlerverfahren eine detaillierte intraoperative Repositionsanalyse ohne exzessive Frakturdarstellung möglich. Durch Kombination der offenen Gelenkflächenreposition über minimalinvasiven Sinus-tarsi-Zugang mit perkutanen Repositions- und Osteosynthesetechniken und intraoperativer 3‑D-Bildwandlerkontrolle ist die sichere Versorgung auch komplexer Frakturen (Sanders II A/B, III) möglich. Somit könnte die über Jahrzehnte standardisiert durchgeführte offene Reposition durch eine sich auf moderne Techniken der intraoperativen Bildgebung stützende minimalinvasive Stabilisation der Kalkaneusfraktur zunehmend abgelöst werden.

Abstract

Fractures of the calcaneus are severe injuries causing far-reaching alterations of hind foot alignment and subtalar joint function. Percutaneous reduction techniques have been successfully used since the first description by Westhues (1934) in the treatment of simple fractures with large tubercular fragments (Sanders IIC). For comminuted intra-articular fractures with separated subtalar fragments, open reduction and internal fixation with locking plate osteosynthesis via the extended lateral approach (ELA) has become established as the gold standard since the 1990s despite a high rate of wound complications of up to 25%. Studies confirmed the association of anatomical joint surface reduction and good outcome and there seems to be no alternative to an open fracture reduction. Meanwhile, modern 3D-imaging technology enables detailed intraoperative analysis of the joint reduction without the need for extensive fracture exposure. By the combination of open joint surface reduction using the minimally invasive sinus tarsi approach with percutaneous reduction and fixation techniques in combination with intraoperative 3D-imaging, a safe treatment even of complex fractures (Sander IIA/B, III) is possible. Therefore, the standardized open reduction which has been carried out for decades could be increasingly replaced by minimally invasive stabilization of calcaneal fractures assisted by modern techniques of intraoperative imaging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Abteilung für Fuß- und Sprunggelenkchirurgie, BG-Unfallklinik Murnau, Prof.-Küntscher-Str. 8, 82418, Murnau a. Staffelsee, Deutschland

    L. Gaul & J. Gabel

  2. BG-Unfallklinik Murnau, Murnau a. Staffelsee, Deutschland

    F. Stuby

  3. Institut für Biomechanik, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität Salzburg, Salzburg, Österreich

    V. Bühren

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  1. L. Gaul
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Correspondence to L. Gaul.

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L. Gaul, J. Gabel, F. Stuby und V. Bühren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Gaul, L., Gabel, J., Stuby, F. et al. Minimalinvasive Versorgung von Kalkaneusfrakturen. Trauma Berufskrankh 20, 256–268 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10039-018-0406-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10039-018-0406-7

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