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Ordered/disordered monodisperse dense granular flow down an inclined plane: dry versus wet media in the capillary bridge regime

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Abstract

A detailed study on similarities and differences of monodisperse dry and wet dense granular flow down on rough and smooth inclined planes was carried out by discrete element method simulations. Despite implementing a minimal model for capillary bridge cohesive force, all leading regimes of a granular flow, i.e.  low-dissipation, high-dissipation, and oscillatory flow, can be developed in wet granular flow, similar to what we knew in the dry one. A smooth and rough based inclined planes as well as different inclination angels were used as parameters to create various flow regimes in dry and wet granular flow. In the oscillatory flow regime, the frequency of velocity profile variation is lower than that of the dry one. The velocity profile of the wet system in the low-dissipation flow regime exhibits an abrupt slope change at shear band bottom. As a measure of particle velocity fluctuations we have studied granular temperature in layers parallel to the inclined base. We found the temperature profile is increasing from the top to bottom, which means the shear band can be considered as a frozen region. By calculation of Radial Distribution Function (RDF) and using the adaptive Common Neighbor Analysis (a-CNA), the evolution of ordered/disordered structures in both dry and wet models is studied. In a wet system in the low-dissipation regime, the shear band exhibits frozen polycrystalline structure and in the bottom slice, in spite of having layered flow in the scale of one granule, we have a low fraction of crystallization. This study gives insightful key differences between wet and dry monodisperese granular flows, specifically the appearance of ordering and presence of crystalizations in different parts of high and low dissipation flow.

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Acknowledgement

The authors gratefully acknowledge fruitful discussions with Jürgen Vollmer, Stefan Luding, S. Habib Ebrahimnazhad Rahbari, Tamás Börzsönyi, and Ellák Somfai. We acknowledge the computing resources provided by the Center for High-Performance Computing at the Department of Physics of the University of Tehran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14395-547, Iran

    Halimeh Moharamkhani, Reza Sepehrinia, Mostafa Taheri, Morteza Jalalvand & S. Mehdi Vaez Allaei

  2. School of Physics, Institute for Researches in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, P.O.Box 19395-5531, Iran

    Reza Sepehrinia & S. Mehdi Vaez Allaei

  3. Experimental Physics, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany

    Martin Brinkmann

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  1. Halimeh Moharamkhani
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Appendix

Appendix

The \(k_{n}\), \(k_{t}\), \(\gamma _{n}\), and \(\gamma _{t}\) coefficients are calculated from the material properties according to Table 1, for the Hertz-Mindlin model [16, 41,42,43,44]. In this table Y is Young’s modulus, G is the shear modulus, \(\nu \) is the Poisson ratio, e is the coefficient of restitution, m is the mass and R is the radius of a particle.

Table 1 Equations for deriving k and \( \gamma \) adopted in the current work, 1 and 2 are the index of particles
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Moharamkhani, H., Sepehrinia, R., Taheri, M. et al. Ordered/disordered monodisperse dense granular flow down an inclined plane: dry versus wet media in the capillary bridge regime. Granular Matter 23, 62 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10035-021-01115-4

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