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Fire History and Long-Term Carbon Accumulation in Hemi-boreal Peatlands

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Abstract

Fire can play an important role in peatlands by modifying plant communities and carbon (C) stocks. However, baseline disturbance data on peatland fire history are lacking in the hemi-boreal region. We sampled 29 peatlands in northern Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota and used peat core records, radiocarbon dating, and infrared spectrometry to identify and date past fire events in 4 major hemi-boreal peatland ecotypes including open poor fens, treed poor fens, forested poor fens, and forested rich fens. In this region all types of poor fens had widely variable fire frequencies between sites. The poor fens experienced 2.1 fires per thousand years, or once every 476 years, on average, while the rich fens experienced almost no fire. Overall C stocks ranged from 10.1 to 263.3 kg C m−2 with a mean of 94.6 and median of 90.5 kg C m−2. The long-term apparent rate of carbon accumulation (LARCA) varied between 10–45 g m−2 y−1 with an average of 28 g m−2 y−1. We found a significant negative relationship between fire frequency and LARCA. Our research indicates that fire frequency is not consistent across peatland types and increases in fire frequency will likely diminish peat C stocks. These findings provide a historical context for management decisions concerning wildland fires and their consequences for ecosystem C storage in hemi-boreal peatlands.

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Data Availability

Additional data are available in Michigan Technological University’s Digital Commons, including location, depth, bulk density, organic matter, carbon, char content values and FTIR spectra for each sample within each core. Radiocarbon data are available. Also included are code and configuration files that are used following the methods of our previous publication (Uhelski and others 2022b) to produce our char content estimates. The dataset doi is: http://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.all-datasets/39

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge support and funding received from the USDA Forest Service, Hiawatha National Forest, and in-kind support from the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, as well as the USDA Forest Service Radiocarbon Collaborative. Funding from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, USDA, McIntire-Stennis program, Michigan Technological University (MTU) graduate school, and the Ecosystem Science Center (MTU) also supported this study. We appreciate field and laboratory assistance from Andrew Robertson and Sam Kurkowski.

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  1. College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, Michigan, 49931, USA

    Dominic M. Uhelski, Evan S. Kane & Rodney A. Chimner

  2. United States Forest Service Northern Research Station, Houghton, Michigan, 49931, USA

    Evan S. Kane & Katherine A. Heckman

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Correspondence to Dominic M. Uhelski.

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DMU, ESK, and RAC conceived and designed the study and edited the paper. DMU performed the research, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. KAH provided technical expertise, analyzed data, and edited the paper.

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Uhelski, D.M., Kane, E.S., Heckman, K.A. et al. Fire History and Long-Term Carbon Accumulation in Hemi-boreal Peatlands. Ecosystems 26, 1573–1586 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-023-00851-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-023-00851-3

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