Abstract.
Calcining of the mixture of BaCO3 and TiO2 with a ratio 1:4 at different temperatures was carried out to synthesize BaTi4O9 powders. Phase evolution of the samples was studied using the differential thermal analysis (DTA) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). Both techniques confirmed that the formation of BaTi4O9 started around 1000 °C. The XRD peaks showed that BaTi4O9 was most pronounced at 1250 °C. X-ray line broadening methods were employed to study the variation of particle size and microstrain of the BaTi4O9 powders. The Voigt function in a single line and the pseudo-Voigt function in the variance methods were used in our case. We found that both functions resulted in the same trends, i.e., the particle size increased with the temperature with the biggest size of 180 and 160 nm, whilst the microstrain yielded the opposite trend with the lowest values of 6.2 × 10–3 and 1.1 × 10–3. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study revealed the size of the large particles formed, due to agglomeration, to be about 0.5–1.9 μm. Furthermore, it was shown that irregular shapes of BaTi4O9 powders necked to each other appeared at 1000 °C and grew into ellipse and rod shapes at 1250 °C.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Negas T, Yeager G, Bell S, Coats N (1993) Am Ceram Soc Bull 72(1):80
Plourde K, Ren CL (1981) IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech MTT 29(8):754
Masse DJ, Pucel RA, Readey DW, Maguire EA, Hartwig CP (1971) Proc IEEE 59(11):1628
McNeal MP, Jang SJ, Newnham RE (1998) J Appl Phys 83(6):3288
Tunkasiri T, Rujijanagul G (1996) J Mater Sci Lett 15:1767
Pfaff G (1991) J Mater Sci Lett 10:129
Choy JH, Han YS, Sohn JH, Itoh M (1995) J Am Ceram Soc 78(5):1169
Cernea M, Chirtop E, Neacsu D, Pasuk I, Iordanescu S (2002) J Am Ceram Soc 85(2):499
Tunkasiri T, Rujijanagul G (1994) J Mater Sci Lett 13:165
Pakokthom C, Rujijanagul G, Tunkasiri T (1999) J Mater Sci Lett 18:747
Sanchez-Bajo F, Cumbrera GL (1997) J Appl Cryst 30:427
De Keijser TH, Langford JI, Mittemeijer EJ (1982) J Appl Cryst 15:308
Mhaisalkar SG, Lee WE, Readey DW (1989) J Am Ceram Soc 72(11):2154
Pfaff G (1992) J Mater Chem 2(6):591
Rachinger WA (1948) J Sci Inst 25:254
Cheng CM, Yang CF, Lo SH, Tseng TY (2000) J Euro Ceram Soc 20:1061
Acknowledgements.
The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to the Thailand Research Fund for the financial support. Thanks are also to Dr. L.D. Yu for his helpful comments and correction on the manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tangjuank, S., Tunkasiri, T. Effects of calcination temperature on phase and microstructure evolution of BaTi4O9 powders. Mat Res Innovat 6, 256–259 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10019-002-0208-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10019-002-0208-0