Abstract
The study of a disease using genetic identification has become possible by using haplotype information. The expectation-maximization algorithms are the standard approach in haplotype analysis. These approaches maximize the likelihood function of a genotypic distribution assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, these methods are time-consuming when applied to the sequence of many loci. In this study, we used a genetic algorithm to obtain the haplotype frequencies from the frequencies of genotypes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Drysdale CM, NcGraw DW, Stack CB (2006) Complex promoter and coding region β2-adrenergic receptor haplotypes alter receptor expression and predict in vivo responsiveness. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 10483–10488
Niu T, Qin ZS, Xu X (2002) Bayesian haplotype inference for multiple linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet 70:157–169
Clark AG (1990) Inference of haplotypes from PCR-amplified samples of diploid populations. Mol Biol Evolut 7:111–122
Stephens M, Smith NJ, Donnelly P (2001) A new statistical method for haplotype reconstruction from population data. Am J Hum Genet 68:978–989
Ziegler A, König IR (2006) A statistical approach to genetic epidemiology. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, pp 243–250
Zhang J, Vingron M, Hoehe MR (2004) Haplotype reconstruction for diploid populations. Hum Hered 59:144–156
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008
About this article
Cite this article
Azuma, R., Sakamoto, M. & Furutani, H. Haplotype estimation from genotypical data by genetic algorithm. Artif Life Robotics 13, 535–537 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-008-0606-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-008-0606-5