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A carboxylate group modified the electrochemistry and photovoltaic properties of vanillin-substituted zinc porphyrin dye

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Abstract

A straightforward condensation method has been employed to introduce the potential alternative anchoring group of vanillin in porphyrins. Depending on the number of carboxylate groups in the porphyrin ring, the electrochemical and optical properties were studied. A slight hypsochromic shift was observed when the number of carboxylate groups in porphyrins increased in the emission and absorption bands. Calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels from cyclic and differential pulsed voltammogram studies clearly indicate that the LUMO energy levels of the dyes vary significantly with the number of carboxylate groups. It improves the electron injection dynamics of porphyrin-sensitized solar cell devices, offering them to achieve 0.36% PCE in PC-3 dye. Additionally, the recombination kinetics, denoted by τrec and krec, which are also affected by the carboxylate group, was calculated using the transient photovoltage decay. This demonstrates that the process of recombination at vanillin-anchored porphyrin dyes with carboxylate groups occurs very slowly.

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Acknowledgements

PRK thanks PSN CET for providing the opportunity for spectroscopic measurements, PSSC cell fabrication, and studies. PRK expressed gratitude to SAIF at Cochin University in Kerala for providing the NMR characterization services.

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  1. Department of Chemistry, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti, Thoothukudi-628 503, India

    Ram Kumar P

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Ram Kumar P A carboxylate group modified the electrochemistry and photovoltaic properties of vanillin-substituted zinc porphyrin dye. J Solid State Electrochem 27, 2545–2560 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-023-05531-9

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