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Electrochemical performance evaluation of template-assisted and morphology-modified ultra-small-sized NiO as electrodes for supercapacitors

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Abstract

Nickel oxide is a significant candidate for the supercapacitor electrode application due to its high theoretical capacitance. This work demonstrates the synthesis of ultra-small-sized NiO nanomaterial using Polyvinyl alcohol template-assisted hydrothermal route succeeded by a significant annealing process. The crystallinity, chemical state, and bonding properties of the NiO materials are evaluated by X-ray diffraction studies, X-ray photoelectron, Raman, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analyses. The morphological features are controlled by a variation of PVA template, and the high concentrations of PVA template provide ultra-small-sized NiO nanomaterial. The surface morphological features are characterized using scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The pseudocapacitor behavior of NiO materials was confirmed by the electrochemical performance studies using cyclic voltammetry, EIS, and galvanocharge-discharge measurements. The ultra-small-sized NiO material possessed a specific capacitance of 534.5 Cg−1 and good rate capability at a scan rate of 5 mVs−1. The discharge curve provides the specific capacitance of 563.75 Cg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 and at a scan rate of 100 mVs−1, withstands 91% of its primary capacitance after 2000 cycles. This work authenticates an efficient approach for enhancing the potential of metal oxides for energy storage applications.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Engineering, Guindy Campus, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India

    Lakshmi Kunhikrishnan & Revathi Shanmugham

  2. Department of Chemistry, Anand Institute of Higher Technology, OMR Road, Chennai, 603103, India

    Lakshmi Kunhikrishnan

  3. Department of Chemistry, A.V.C College, Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai, Nagai, 609305, India

    G. Sivashanmugam

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  1. Lakshmi Kunhikrishnan
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  2. Revathi Shanmugham
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  3. G. Sivashanmugam
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Correspondence to Revathi Shanmugham.

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Kunhikrishnan, L., Shanmugham, R. & Sivashanmugam, G. Electrochemical performance evaluation of template-assisted and morphology-modified ultra-small-sized NiO as electrodes for supercapacitors. J Solid State Electrochem 25, 1–11 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-021-05013-w

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