Abstract
The lithium-ion batteries are energy storage systems of high performance and low cost. They are employed in multiple portable devices, and these require the use of increasingly smaller and lighter batteries with high energy and power density, fast charging, and long service life. Moreover, these systems are promising for use in electric or hybrid vehicles. However, the lithium-ion battery still requires the improvement of the electrode material properties, such as cost, energy density, cycle life, safety, and environmental compatibility. These batteries use carbon as anode material, usually synthetic graphite, because of its high coulombic efficiency and acceptable specific capacity for the formation of intercalation compounds (LiC6). In this paper, the methodology used to prepare and characterize the reversible and irreversible capacity and cyclic stability of graphite materials as anodes in lithium-ion batteries of commercial carbon and shungite carbon is presented. The results obtained using electrochemical techniques are discussed. These electrodes exhibited good activation process and high-rate dischargeability performance. For carbon and shungite electrodes, the maximum discharge capacity values were 259 and 170 mA h g−1, respectively.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica (ANPCyT), the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and the Universidad Nacional de La Plata. The Czech partners were supported by the Centre of Research and Utilization of Renewable Power Sources (CVVOZE) with financial assistance by the Ministry of Education program NPU 1 (N° LO1210).
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Dedicated to Professor Jose H. Zagal on the occasion of his 65th birthday.
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Humana, R.M., Ortiz, M.G., Thomas, J.E. et al. Characterization of anodes for lithium-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 20, 1053–1058 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-3004-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-3004-7