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Ionothermal synthesis of sponge-like nano Li4Ti5O12 for high rate lithium-ion batteries

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Abstract

The sponge-like Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) with nanostructure was synthesized by a novel ionothermal method using 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([DEMIM]BF4) as both structure-directing agent and reaction medium at ambient pressure. The samples were characterized by powder x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption measurement, galvanostatic charge–discharge test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results show that the sponge-like LTO material present nanostructure with even distribution of pore diameter mainly ranging from 3.7 to 5.0 nm and large specific surface area of 182 m2 g−1. The LTO electrode exhibits high specific capacity of 170.2 and 161.2 mAh g−1 at the rate of 1 and 20 concentrations (C) for the first cycle and remained 95.1 and 91.0 % after 100 cycles, the charge transfer resistance and lithium-ion diffusion coefficient are 22.70 Ω and 9.8 × 10−10 cm2 s−1, respectively. Sample carbon coating further improves electrochemical performance of LTO with reduced charge transfer resistance and enhanced cycling stability. These excellent performances can be ascribed to the sponge-like nanostructure for improving ion diffusion and electron conductivity.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Science and Technology Key Project of Anhui Province of China (no. 1301022077) and the Science and Technology Project of Land and Resources of Anhui Province (2012-k-18).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People’s Republic of China

    Xueliang Li, Yu Meng, Shuai Liu, Hongchang Jin & Zhenghui Xiao

  2. Anhui Key Laboratory of Controllable Chemical Reaction and Material Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People’s Republic of China

    Xueliang Li

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  1. Xueliang Li
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  2. Yu Meng
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  3. Shuai Liu
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Correspondence to Xueliang Li.

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Li, X., Meng, Y., Liu, S. et al. Ionothermal synthesis of sponge-like nano Li4Ti5O12 for high rate lithium-ion batteries. J Solid State Electrochem 19, 1745–1753 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2810-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-015-2810-2

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