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Improved electrochemical performance of spinel-type LiMn1.90Mg0.05Si0.05O4 cathode materials synthesized by a citric acid-assisted sol–gel method

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Abstract

The spinel-type LiMn1.90Mg0.05Si0.05O4 cathode materials were successfully synthesized by a citric acid-assisted sol–gel method. The sintering parameters such as sintering temperature and sintering time were investigated, and the crystal structures, morphologies, and chemical compositions of synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results indicate that all the co-doped samples synthesized at different calcination temperatures possess the cubic spinel structure of LiMn2O4 with space group of Fd-3m and the average particle size increases with the extending of sintering time. The electrochemical performance of synthesized samples was studied by galvanostatic charge–discharge tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Under the optimum sintering condition, the co-doped sample can deliver the initial discharge capacity of 136.2 mA h g−1 at 0.5 °C in the voltage range of 3.2–4.35 V with good capacity retention of 96.0 % after 100 cycles. When cycling at 55 °C, the optimal co-doped sample displays 91.3 % capacity retention after 20 cycles, compared to 58.6 % for the undoped sample. Most importantly, the addition of equimolar Mg2+ and Si4+ ions significantly enhances the rate performance, especially the capacity recovery performance as the charge–discharge rate restores to 0.2 from 10 °C.

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Acknowledgments

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21071026) and the Outstanding Talent Introduction Project of the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (No. 08JC00303).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Microelectronics and Solid State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People’s Republic of China

    Hongyuan Zhao, Xingquan Liu, Zheng Zhang, Yue Wu, Bing Chen & Weiqiang Xiong

  2. State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, People’s Republic of China

    Hongyuan Zhao & Xingquan Liu

  3. Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, People’s Republic of China

    Cai Cheng

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  1. Hongyuan Zhao
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Correspondence to Xingquan Liu.

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Zhao, H., Liu, X., Cheng, C. et al. Improved electrochemical performance of spinel-type LiMn1.90Mg0.05Si0.05O4 cathode materials synthesized by a citric acid-assisted sol–gel method. J Solid State Electrochem 19, 1015–1026 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-014-2708-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-014-2708-4

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