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Salt bridge in electroanalytical chemistry: past, present, and future

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Abstract

A salt bridge is a device indispensable in electroanalytical chemistry and has been used over 100 years. Thanks to a salt bridge, we are able to concentrate our attention to what is happening at the working electrode. However, the magical performance of the traditional salt bridge based on potassium chloride does not always work satisfactorily. The longevity of KCl-type salt bridge is mainly because of the lack of better alternatives. A newly emerged salt bridge based on moderately hydrophobic ionic liquids is promising to solve many of the problems that KCl-type salt bridges are unable to, possibly making the future of electroanalytical chemistry a little easier and brighter.

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Notes

  1. The standard ion transfer potential of ion j is defined by \(\Delta^{\rm W}_{\rm IL}\phi^{^{0}}_{_{\rm j^{z_j}}} =\) \(-\Delta G^{^{\rm IL \rightarrow W, 0}}_{_{\rm j}}\)/(\(z_{_{\rm j}}F\)), where \(\Delta G^{^{\rm IL \rightarrow W, 0}}_{_{\rm j}}\) is the standard Gibbs energy of the transfer of j from the ionic liquid to water.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks Fritz Scholz for [27]. This work was partly supported by Japan Science and Technology Agency under the program, “Development of Systems and Technology for Advanced Measurement and Analysis” and by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (No. 21245021) from the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan. Support by the Global COE Program, International Center for Integrated Research and Advanced Education in Materials Science (No.B-09) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan is highly appreciated.

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  1. Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan

    Takashi Kakiuchi

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  1. Takashi Kakiuchi
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Correspondence to Takashi Kakiuchi.

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Kakiuchi, T. Salt bridge in electroanalytical chemistry: past, present, and future. J Solid State Electrochem 15, 1661–1671 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-011-1373-0

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