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Transition metal (X = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)-doped graphene as gas sensor for CO2 and NO2 detection: a molecular modeling framework by DFT perspective

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Abstract

Context

In this research, CO2 and NO2 adsorption on doped nanographene (NG) sheets with transition metals (Fe, Ni, Zn) and (Mn, Co, Cu), respectively, have been applied for scavenging of these toxic gases as the environmental pollutants. The values of changes of atomic charge density have illustrated a more significant charge transfer for Ni-doped C-NG through CO2 adsorption and a more remarkable charge transfer for Co-doped C-NG through NO2 adsorption. The data of NMR spectroscopy has depicted several fluctuations around the graph of Zn-doped on the nanographene surface. The thermodynamic results from IR spectroscopy have indicated that \(\Delta {G}_{\textrm{ads},\textrm{NO}2\to \textrm{TM}@\textrm{C}-\textrm{NG}}^{\textrm{o}}\) values are almost similar for doped metal transitions of Mn, Co, and Cu on the C-NG nanosheet, while \(\Delta {G}_{\textrm{ads},\kern0.5em \textrm{CO}2\to \textrm{TM}@\textrm{C}-\textrm{NG}}^{\textrm{o}}\) has the largest gap of Gibbs free energy adsorption with dipole moment.

Methods

The Langmuir adsorption model with a three-layered ONIOM using CAM-B3LYP functional accompanying LANL2DZ, EPR-III and 6-31 + G (d,p) basis sets due to Gaussian 16 revision C.01 program on the complexes of CO2 → (Fe, Ni, Zn) and NO2 → (Mn, Co, Cu) doped on the C-NG has been accomplished. Then, NMR and IR spectroscopy, nuclear quadrupole resonance, and natural bond orbital analysis have been accomplished for evaluating chemical shielding tensors, thermodynamic properties, electric potential, and occupancy fluctuation through bond orbitals, respectively. In addition, frontier orbitals of LUMO, HOMO, and also a series of chemical reactivity parameters have been calculated. Finally, time-dependent-DFT method due to UV-VIS spectrums has been accomplished to discern the low-lying excited states of CO2 and NO2 adsorption on the (Fe, Ni, Zn) and (Mn, Co, Cu), respectively, doped C-NG sheet.

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Acknowledgements

In successfully completing this paper and its research, the authors are grateful to Kastamonu University for their support through the library, the laboratory, and scientific websites.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey

    Fatemeh Mollaamin

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

    Majid Monajjemi

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  1. Fatemeh Mollaamin
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Contributions

Fatemeh Mollaamin: conceptualization and idea, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—original draft preparation, visualization, supervision, project administration. Majid Monajjemi: methodology, software, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing—review and editing, visualization, resources.

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Correspondence to Fatemeh Mollaamin.

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Mollaamin, F., Monajjemi, M. Transition metal (X = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)-doped graphene as gas sensor for CO2 and NO2 detection: a molecular modeling framework by DFT perspective. J Mol Model 29, 119 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-023-05526-3

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