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Comparison of nasal cavity changes between the expander with differential opening and the fan-type expander: a secondary data analysis from an RCT

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Abstract

Introduction

The aim of this study was to compare the nasal cavity skeletal changes between the expander with differential opening (EDO) and the fan-type expander (FE).

Methods

This study was a secondary analysis of a previous randomized clinical trial. Forty-eight patients with posterior crossbite were randomly allocated into two study groups. Twenty-four patients (11 male, 13 female) with a mean initial age of 7.6 ± 0.9 years were treated with rapid maxillary expansion (RME) using the EDO. Twenty-four patients (10 male, 14 female) with a mean initial age of 7.8 ± 0.9 years were treated with the FE. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed before treatment and 1 to 6 months after the active phase of RME. Using frontal CBCT slices passing at the level of maxillary permanent first molars and maxillary deciduous canines, the width of the nasal cavity was measured in the lower, middle and upper thirds. Nasal cavity height was also evaluated in both slices. Intergroup comparisons of interphase changes were performed using t or Mann-Whitney tests (P < 0.05).

Results

The two groups were similar regarding baseline data. EDO showed a greater transverse increase in the lower third of the nasal cavity in both canine (P = 0.007) and molar regions (P < 0.001). No intergroup difference was observed for changes in middle and upper widths and height of the nasal cavity.

Conclusions

Both expanders are effective in promoting an increase of the nasal cavity skeletal dimensions. The expander with differential opening produced a greater transverse increase in the lower third of the nasal cavity compared to the fan-type expander, both at the anterior and posterior regions of the maxilla.

Clinical relevance

EDO might be more beneficial to pediatric patients with oral breathing and obstructive sleep apnea compared to FE.

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Funding

This study was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisolla 9-75, Bauru, São Paulo, 17012-901, Brazil

    Rodrigo Teixeira, Camila Massaro & Daniela Garib

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  1. Rodrigo Teixeira
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  2. Camila Massaro
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  3. Daniela Garib
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Rodrigo Teixeira and Camila Massaro. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Rodrigo Teixeira, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Rodrigo Teixeira.

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Ethics approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Bauru Dental School, University of Sao Paulo (protocol number: 35403520.0.0000.5417).

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Teixeira, R., Massaro, C. & Garib, D. Comparison of nasal cavity changes between the expander with differential opening and the fan-type expander: a secondary data analysis from an RCT. Clin Oral Invest 27, 5999–6006 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05213-w

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