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Increased odds for COVID-19 infection among individuals with periodontal disease

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Abstract

Objectives

Periodontal disease has been linked to multiple systemic conditions, but the relationship with COVID-19 still needs to be elucidated. We hypothesized that periodontal disease may be associated with COVID-19 infection.

Materials and methods

This study utilized cross-sectional data to establish the strength of the association between periodontal disease and COVID-19 infection. The University of Florida Health Center’s i2b2 patient’s registry was used to generate patient counts through ICD-10 diagnostic codes. Univariate descriptive statistics of the patient population and logistic regression to estimate odds ratios of associations between periodontal disease and COVID-19 infection were used for analysis.

Results

Patients with periodontal disease were 4.4 times more likely to be positively diagnosed with COVID-19 than patients without PD. Associations remained similar and robust (P value < 0.0001) after adjustment for age (OR = 4.34; 95% CI, 3.68–5.09), gender (OR = 4.46; 95% CI, 3.79–5.23), and smoking status (OR = 4.77; 95% CI, 4.04–5.59). Associations were smaller but remained robust (P value < 0.0001) after adjusting for race (OR = 2.83; 95% CI, 2.40–3.32), obesity (OR = 2.53; 95% CI, 2.14–2.98), diabetes (OR = 3.32; 95% CI, 2.81–3.90), and cardiovascular disease (OR = 2.68; 95% CI, 2.27–3.14).

Conclusions

Periodontal disease is significantly associated with increased odds for COVID-19 infection.

Clinical relevance

With the caveat of a cross-sectional study design, these results suggest that periodontal disease may increase the odds for COVID-19 infection.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Services Research, Management and Policy, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Michael Andrews & Santanu Datta

  2. Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Hanzhi Gao

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Joseph Katz

Authors
  1. Michael Andrews
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  4. Joseph Katz
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Contributions

M.A. contributed to the methodology, validation, software supervision, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, visualization, and writing (original draft, review, and editing) of the project. S.D. contributed to the writing (review and editing) of the project. H.G. contributed to the data curation and formal analysis. J.K. contributed to the conceptualization, methodology, validation, software supervision, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing (original draft, review, and editing), and supervision of this project.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joseph Katz.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

The manuscript was submitted in accordance with the ethical regulations for i2b2 on human studies approved by The IRB Board.

Informed consent

The informed consent was waived for this study by the University of Florida Health Center IRB board.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

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Appendix

Appendix

Tables 1, 2, 3

Table 1 Population characteristics
Full size table
Table 2 Odds ratios for COVID-19 with PD before and after adjustments for risk factors and demographic covariates
Full size table
Table 3 Studies reporting on the association between PD and COVID-19
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Andrews, M., Gao, H., Datta, S. et al. Increased odds for COVID-19 infection among individuals with periodontal disease. Clin Oral Invest 27, 5925–5933 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-023-05204-x

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