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The influence of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure: an integrative review

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Abstract

Purpose

The objective of this study was to perform an integrative review on the effect the inorganic fillers on the light transmission through the resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure.

Method

A bibliographic review was performed on PubMed using the following search terms: “fillers” OR “particle” AND “light curing” OR “polymerization” AND “light transmission” OR “light absorption” OR “light irradiance” OR “light attenuation” OR “light diffusion” AND “resin composite.” The search involved articles published in English language in the last 10 years.

Results

Selected studies reported a decrease in biaxial strength and hardness in traditional resin-matrix composites in function of the depth of polymerization. However, there were no significant differences in biaxial strength and hardness recorded along the polymerization depth of Bulk-Fill™ composites. Strength and hardness were enhanced by increasing the size and content of inorganic fillers although some studies revealed a progressive decrease in the degree of conversion on increasing silica particle size. The translucency of glass–ceramic spherical fillers promoted light diffusion mainly in critical situations such as in the case of deep proximal regions of resin-matrix composites.

Conclusions

The amount of light transmitted through the resin-matrix composites is influenced by the size, content, microstructure, and shape of the inorganic filler particles. The decrease of the degree of conversion affects negatively the physical and mechanical properties of the resin-matrix composites.

Clinical relevance

The type and content of inorganic fillers in the chemical composition of resin-matrix composites do affect their polymerization. As a consequence, the clinical performance of resin-matrix composites can be compromised leading to variable physical properties and degradation. The polymerization mode of resin-matrix composites can be improved according to the type of inorganic fillers in their chemical composition.

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Funding

This work was supported by FCT-Portugal [UID/EEA/04436/2013, SFRH/BPD/123769/ 2016, and Project LaserMULTICER [POCI-01–0145-FEDER-031035].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116, Gandra, PRD, Portugal

    Rita Fidalgo-Pereira, Daniela Carpio, Orlanda Torres & Júlio C. M. Souza

  2. Center for Microelectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058, Guimarães, Portugal

    Oscar Carvalho, Filipe Silva, Bruno Henriques & Júlio C. M. Souza

  3. Associate Laboratory (LABBELS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal

    Oscar Carvalho, Filipe Silva, Bruno Henriques & Júlio C. M. Souza

  4. Ceramic and Composite Materials Research Group (CERMAT), Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Bruno Henriques

  5. Dental Materials Unit, Center of Dental Medicine, Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland

    Mutlu Özcan

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  1. Rita Fidalgo-Pereira
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Fidalgo-Pereira, R., Carpio, D., Torres, O. et al. The influence of inorganic fillers on the light transmission through resin-matrix composites during the light-curing procedure: an integrative review. Clin Oral Invest 26, 5575–5594 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-022-04589-5

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