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Dentin remineralization in acidic solution without initial calcium phosphate ions via poly(amido amine) and calcium phosphate nanocomposites after fluid challenges

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Abstract

Objectives

A previous study showed that the combination of poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) and rechargeable composites with nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) induced dentin remineralization in an acidic solution with no initial calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions, mimicking the oral condition of individuals with dry mouths. However, the frequent fluid challenge in the oral cavity may decrease the remineralization capacity. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the remineralization efficacy on dentin in an acid solution via PAMAM + NACP after fluid challenges for the first time.

Methods

The NACP nanocomposite was stored in a pH 4 solution for 77 days to exhaust its Ca and P ions and then recharged. Demineralized dentin samples were divided into four groups: (1) control dentin, (2) dentin coated with PAMAM, (3) dentin with recharged NACP composite, and (4) dentin with PAMAM + recharged NACP. PAMAM-coated dentin was shaken in phosphate-buffered saline for 77 days to desorb PAMAM from dentin. Samples were treated in pH 4 lactic acid with no initial Ca and P ions for 42 days.

Results

After 77 days of fluid challenge, PAMAM failed to prevent dentin demineralization in lactic acid. The recharged NACP nanocomposite raised the pH to above 6.5 and re-released more than 6.0 and 4.0 mmol/L Ca and P ions daily, respectively, which inhibited further demineralization. In contrast, the PAMAM + NACP combined method induced great dentin remineralization and restored the dentin microhardness to 0.54 ± 0.04 GPa, which approached that of sound dentin (P = 0.426, P > 0.05).

Conclusions

The PAMAM + NACP combination achieved dentin remineralization in an acid solution with no initial Ca and P ions, even after severe fluid challenges.

Clinical relevance

The novel PAMAM + NACP has a strong and sustained remineralization capability to inhibit secondary caries, even for individuals with dry mouths.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81800965, L. K. N, and 81991501, L. J. Y.), Sichuan Science and Technology (2017SZ0030), Fundamental Research Funds 2018SCU12016 (L. K. N), China Postdoctoral Foundation 2018M643507 (L. K. N), Research Fund of West China School/Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University (WCHS-201705, L. K. N, and RCDWJS2021-14, G. Y.), Research Fund of Chinese Stomatological Association CSA-R2018-06 (L. K. N), Miaozi Project in Science and Technology Innovation Program of Sichuan Province (2019037, SYT, and 20-YCG045, G. Y.), University of Maryland School of Dentistry bridging fund (HX), and University of Maryland Baltimore seed grant (HX).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China

    Kunneng Liang, Yuan Gao, Siying Tao, Chenchen Zhou & Jiyao Li

  2. Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Kunneng Liang, Yuan Gao, Michael D. Weir & Hockin H. K. Xu

  3. Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Hockin H. K. Xu

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  1. Kunneng Liang
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  2. Yuan Gao
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Correspondence to Chenchen Zhou or Jiyao Li.

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Kunneng Liang and Yuan Gao contributed equally to this work.

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Liang, K., Gao, Y., Tao, S. et al. Dentin remineralization in acidic solution without initial calcium phosphate ions via poly(amido amine) and calcium phosphate nanocomposites after fluid challenges. Clin Oral Invest 26, 1517–1530 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04124-y

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