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Novel calcium phosphate ion-rechargeable and antibacterial adhesive to inhibit dental caries

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Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to develop an antibacterial and calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) rechargeable adhesive and investigate the effects of dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP) on dentin bonding, biofilm response, and repeated Ca and P ion recharge and re-release capability for the first time.

Materials and methods

Pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and bisphenol A glycidyl dimethacrylate (BisGMA) formed the adhesive (PEHB). Three groups were tested: (1) Scotchbond (SBMP, 3 M) control, (2) PEHB + 30% NACP, and (3) PEHB + 30% NACP + 5% DMAHDM. Specimens were tested for dentin shear bond strength, and Ca and P ion release, recharge, and re-release. Biofilm lactic acid production and colony-forming units (CFU) on resins were analyzed.

Results

The four groups had similar dentin shear bond strengths (p > 0.1). Adhesive with DMAHDM showed significant decrease in metabolic activity, lactic acid production, and biofilm CFU (p < 0.05). The adhesives containing NACP released high levels of Ca and P ions initially and after being recharged.

Conclusion

This study developed the first Ca and P ion-rechargeable and antibacterial adhesive, achieving strong antibacterial activity and Ca and P ion recharge and re-release for long-term remineralization.

Clinical relevance

Considering the restoration-tooth bonded interface being the weak link and recurrent caries at the margins being the primary reason for restoration failures, this novel calcium phosphate-rechargeable and antibacterial adhesive is promising for a wide range of tooth-restoration applications to inhibit caries.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Dr. Lin Wang for his assistance, and Esstech and Caulk/Dentsply for donating materials.

Funding

This study was funded by the NIH, grant number R01 DE17974 (HX) and a bridge grant (HX) from the University of Maryland School of Dentistry.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Faisal al-Qarni & Yousif Al-Dulaijan

  2. Department of Advanced Oral Sciences & Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Michael Weir, Mary A. Melo & Hockin H. K. Xu

  3. Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid S. Almulhim

  4. Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Hockin H. K. Xu

  5. Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA

    Hockin H. K. Xu

Authors
  1. Faisal al-Qarni
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  2. Michael Weir
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  3. Mary A. Melo
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  4. Yousif Al-Dulaijan
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  5. Khalid S. Almulhim
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  6. Hockin H. K. Xu
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Contributions

Conceptualization by Faisal al-Qarni and Hockin H. K. Xu; methodology by Faisal al-Qarni, Yousif Al-Dulaijan, Michael Weir, and Mary A. Melo; data curation by Faisal al-Qarni and Yousif Al-Dulaijan; writing—original draft preparation by Faisal al-Qarni, and Khalid S. Almulhim; writing—review and editing by Faisal al-Qarni, Khalid S. Almulhim, and Hockin H. K. Xu; supervision: Hockin H. K. Xu. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Khalid S. Almulhim.

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al-Qarni, F., Weir, M., Melo, M.A. et al. Novel calcium phosphate ion-rechargeable and antibacterial adhesive to inhibit dental caries. Clin Oral Invest 26, 313–323 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04002-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-04002-7

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