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Mapping of inflammatory biomarkers in the peri-implant crevicular fluid before and after the occlusal loading of narrow diameter implants

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Abstract

Objective

To monitor the cytokine release patterns in the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and to investigate which factors affect the success rate of narrow diameter implants (NDI) during the first year.

Material and methods

Mandibular implant overdentures (IOD) retained by 2 NDI were installed in 16 clinically atrophic edentulous patients. The following parameters were monitored during the first year: (i) peri-implant health parameters (plaque index (PI), calculus presence (CP), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BoP); (ii) cytokine concentrations in the PICF (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10); (iii) implant stability quotient (ISQ); (iv) marginal bone level (MBL) and bone level change (BLC); (v) implant success. The insertion torque, bone type, mandibular atrophy, time since edentulism, and smoking habits were also recorded. All data were analyzed using multivariable multilevel mixed-effects regression models.

Results

The variability in the TNF-α release patterns temporarily reduced at weeks (w) 8–12, while the IL-1β concentrations remained low until they peaked at w48 [p < 0.05; + 177.55 pg/μl (+ 96.13 − + 258.97)]. Conversely, IL-10 release decreased significantly at w48 [p < 0.05; − 456.24 pg/μl (− 644.41 − − 268.07)]. The PD and ISQ decreased significantly (p < 0.05) over the follow-up period, while the MBL was stable after w48 with a BLC of 0.12 ± 0.71 mm. The overall success rate was 81.3%, and was influenced by TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10, PI, GI, PD, smoking, and time since edentulism.

Conclusion

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine release was balanced during the first 24 weeks. The GI, smoking, and time since edentulism are the most important factors determining the implant success.

Clinical relevance

The study contributes to the understanding of the osseointegration process in a clinically atrophic population rehabilitated with IOD, and highlights the importance of monitoring clinical peri-implant health-related parameters, smoking habit, and time since edentulism to predict implant success rates.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Neodent’s Research Support Program for supplying the dental implants and attachments used in the study.

Funding

This study was funded by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, grant 476170/2013) and was financed in part by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel—Brazil (CAPES)—Finance code 001.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Raissa Micaella Marcello-Machado

  2. Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Gonçalves Chaves St., 457, Center, Pelotas, RS, Brazil

    Fernanda Faot

  3. Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil

    Alessandra Julie Schuster & Amália Machado Bielemann

  4. Section of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark

    Gustavo Giacomelli Nascimento

  5. Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil

    Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury

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  1. Raissa Micaella Marcello-Machado
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  2. Fernanda Faot
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  3. Alessandra Julie Schuster
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  4. Amália Machado Bielemann
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  5. Gustavo Giacomelli Nascimento
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  6. Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury
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Correspondence to Fernanda Faot.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The research protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of School of Dentistry (Report no. 1.267.086), Federal University of Pelotas.

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The informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Marcello-Machado RM and Faot F share the first authorship.

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Marcello-Machado, R.M., Faot, F., Schuster, A.J. et al. Mapping of inflammatory biomarkers in the peri-implant crevicular fluid before and after the occlusal loading of narrow diameter implants. Clin Oral Invest 24, 1311–1320 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-019-03010-y

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