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Microbial adhesion on novel yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) implant surfaces with nitrogen-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H:N) coatings

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Abstract

Objectives

Biomaterial surfaces are at high risk for initial microbial colonization, persistence, and concomitant infection. The rationale of this study was to assess the initial adhesion on novel implant surfaces of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans upon incubation.

Materials and methods

The tested samples were 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) samples with nitrogen-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H:N) coating (A) and 3Y-TZP samples coated with ceria-stabilized zirconia-based (Ce-TZP) composite and a-C:H:N (B). Uncoated 3Y-TZP samples (C) and bovine enamel slabs (BES) served as controls. Once the surface was characterized, the adherent microorganisms were quantified by estimating the colony-forming units (CFUs). Microbial vitality was assessed by live/dead staining, and microbial-biomaterial surface topography was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

Overall, A and B presented the lowest CFU values for all microorganisms, while C sheltered significantly less E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans than BES. Compared to the controls, B demonstrated the lowest vitality values for E. coli (54.12 %) and C. albicans (67.99 %). Interestingly, A (29.24 %) exhibited higher eradication rates for S. aureus than B (13.95 %).

Conclusions

Within the limitations of this study, a-C:H:N-coated 3Y-TZP surfaces tended to harbor less initially adherent microorganisms and selectively interfered with their vitality.

Clinical relevance

This could enable further investigation of the new multi-functional zirconia surfaces to confirm their favorable antimicrobial properties in vivo.

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Acknowledgments

The authors express their gratitude to Anja Stork and Bettina Spitzmüller for their excellent technical help. Dr. Marie Follo and Dr. Annette Anderson are thanked for their valuable linguistic contribution to this report and support by image processing, respectively. This study was supported by the European Commission (FP7-280741-LONGLIFE Collaborative project).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany

    Stefanie Schienle, Ali Al-Ahmad, Elmar Hellwig & Lamprini Karygianni

  2. Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dental Medicine, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany

    Ralf Joachim Kohal

  3. NTTF Coatings GmbH, Maarweg 32, 53619, Rheinbreitbach, Germany

    Falk Bernsmann

  4. Swerea IVF AB, Argongatan 30, 43153, Mölndal, Sweden

    Erik Adolfsson

  5. Politecnico di Torino, Department of Applied Science and Technology, INSTM RU Politecnico di Torino, LINCE Lab, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, Turin, Italy

    Laura Montanaro & Paola Palmero

  6. DOCERAM Medical Ceramics GmbH, Hesslingsweg 65-67, 44309, Dortmund, Germany

    Tobias Fürderer

  7. Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Blaise Pascal 7 Av. Jean Capelle, 69621, Villeurbanne, France

    Jérôme Chevalier

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  1. Stefanie Schienle
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Correspondence to Lamprini Karygianni.

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The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Freiburg (Nr. 91/15).

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Schienle, S., Al-Ahmad, A., Kohal, R.J. et al. Microbial adhesion on novel yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) implant surfaces with nitrogen-doped hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H:N) coatings. Clin Oral Invest 20, 1719–1732 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1655-5

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