Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Loss of tooth substance during root planing with various periodontal instruments: an in vitro study

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Clinical Oral Investigations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ultrasonic and power-driven instrumentation is gaining in significance as an acceptable alternative to manual periodontal root treatment. Some question whether they do not remove too much tooth substance. Various ultrasonic scalers, hand instruments and two power-driven systems were compared by assessing the loss of tooth substance due to root instrumentation. Quantitative analysis of this effect of the instruments used was performed on 20 freshly extracted, non-periodontally involved, large human molars. In the first study, 40 specimens were randomly assigned to four groups of treatment: combined use of ultrasonic scaler and Periopolisher diamond-coated inserts (US–POL), hand instruments (MANUAL), Perioplaner–Periopolisher system (PPL–POL) and Periokit ultrasonic-designed scalers (PERIOKIT). The second study involved two treatment groups, ultrasonic scaler alone and hand instruments, each allocated with 20 teeth (small root fragments). An unpaired two-tailed t test was carried out for both studies to compare the average weight loss of root substance with the modes of instrumentation. The level of significance was set at p≤0.05. The overall results of the first and second experimental trials did not reveal obvious differences in weight loss between the manual, ultrasonic or power-driven root treatments. Based on the results of these two comparative studies, the power-driven inserts or the various ultrasonic scalers tested did not remove more tooth substance than conventional hand instruments. They may thus be a useful alternative for the debridement of root surfaces.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Albair WB, Cobb CM, Killoy WJ (1982) Connective tissue attachment to periodontally diseased roots after citric acid demineralization. J Periodontol 53:515–526

    Google Scholar 

  2. Aleo JJ, De Renzis FA, Farber PA, Varboncoeur AP (1974) The presence and biological activity of cementum-bound endotoxin. J Periodontol 45:672–675

    Google Scholar 

  3. Aleo JJ, De Renzis FA, Farber PA (1975) In vitro attachment of human gingival fibroblasts to root surfaces. J Periodontol 46:639–645

    Google Scholar 

  4. Allen EF, Rhoads RH (1963) Effect of high speed periodontal instruments on tooth surface. J Periodontol 34:352–356

    Google Scholar 

  5. Auplish G, Needleman IG, Moles DR, Newman HN (2000) Diamond-coated sonic tips are more efficient for open debridement of molar furcations. A comparative manikin study. J Clin Periodontol 27:302–307

    Google Scholar 

  6. Badersten A, Nilvéus R, Egelberg J (1990) Scores of plaque, bleeding, suppuration and probing depth to predict probing attachment loss. 5 years of observation following nonsurgical periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 17:102–107

    Google Scholar 

  7. Belting CM, Spjut PJ (1964) Effects of high-speed periodontal instruments on the root surface during subgingival calculus removal. J Am Dent Assoc 69:578–584

    Google Scholar 

  8. Caton JG, Bouwsma O, Polson A, Epseland M (1989) Effects of personal oral hygiene and subgingival scaling on bleeding of interdental gingiva. J Periodontol 6:84–90

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chace R (1974) Subgingival curettage in periodontal therapy. J Periodontol 45:107–109

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cheetham WA, Wilson M, Kieser JB (1988) Root surface debridement—an in vitro assessment. J Clin Periodontol 15:288–292

    Google Scholar 

  11. Chiew SY, Wilson M, Davies EH, Kieser JB (1991) Assessment of ultrasonic debridement of calculus-associated periodontally-involved root surfaces by the limulus amoebocyte lysate assay. An in vitro study. J Clin Periodontol 18:240–244

    Google Scholar 

  12. Clark SM, Grupe HE, Mahler DB (1968) The effect of ultrasonic instrumentation on root surfaces. J Periodontol 39:135–137

    Google Scholar 

  13. Coldiron NB, Yukna RA, Weir J, Caudill RF (1990) A quantitative study of cementum removal with hand curettes. J Periodontol 61:293–299

    Google Scholar 

  14. Cole RT, Crigger M, Bogle G, Egelberg J, Selvig KA (1980) Connective tissue regeneration to periodontally diseased teeth. A histological study. J Periodontal Res 15:1–9

    Google Scholar 

  15. Flemmig TF, Petersilka GJ, Mehl A, Hickel R, Klaiber B (1998) Working parameters of a magnetostrictive ultrasonic scaler influencing root substance removal in vitro. J Periodontol 69:547–553

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fujimura T, Kaya H, Kimura S (1995) A newly-developed electrodeposited diamond scaler with high abrasive resistance. J Periodontol 66:878–886

    Google Scholar 

  17. Goldman MJ, Ross IF, Goteiner D (1986) Effect of periodontal therapy on patients maintained for 15 years or longer. A retrospective study. J Periodontol 57:347–353

    Google Scholar 

  18. Green E, Ramfjord SP (1966) Tooth roughness after subgingival root planing. J Periodontol 37:396–399

    Google Scholar 

  19. Horning GM, Cobb CM, Killoy WJ (1987) Effect of an air-powder abrasive system on root surfaces in periodontal surgery. J Clin Periodontol 14:213–220

    Google Scholar 

  20. Hughes FJ, Smales FC (1986) Immunohistochemical investigation of the presence and distribution of cementum-associated lipopolysaccharides in periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 21:660–667

    Google Scholar 

  21. Jones SJ, Lozdan J, Boyde A (1972) Tooth surfaces treated in situ with periodontal instruments. SEM studies. Br Dent J 132:57–64

    Google Scholar 

  22. Kocher T, Rühling A, Momsen H, Plagman HC (1997) Effectiveness of subgingival instrumentation with power-driven instruments in the hands of experienced and inexperienced operators. A study on manikins. J Clin Periodontol 24:498–504

    Google Scholar 

  23. Laurell L (1990) Periodontal healing after scaling and root planning with the Kavo Sonicflex and Titan-S sonic scaler. Swed Dent J 14:171–177

    Google Scholar 

  24. Laurell L, Petersson B (1988) Periodontal healing after treatment with either Titan-S sonic scaler or hand instruments. Swed Dent J 12:187–192

    Google Scholar 

  25. Lie T, Leknes KN (1985) Evaluation of the effect on root surfaces of air turbine scalers and ultrasonic instrumentation. J Periodontol 56:522–531

    Google Scholar 

  26. Listgarten MA (1987) Nature of periodontal diseases: pathogenic mechanisms. J Periodontal Res 22:172–178

    Google Scholar 

  27. Loos B, Kiger R, Egelberg J (1987) An evaluation of basic periodontal therapy using sonic and ultrasonic scalers. J Clin Periodontol 14:29–33

    Google Scholar 

  28. Meador HL, Lane JJ, Suddick RP (1985) The long-term effectiveness of periodontal therapy in a clinical practice. J Periodontol 56:253–258

    Google Scholar 

  29. Moore J, Wilson M, Kieser JB (1986) The distribution of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) in relation to periodontally involved root surfaces. J Clin Periodontol 13:748–751

    Google Scholar 

  30. Moskow BS, Bressman E (1964) Cemental response to ultrasonic and hand instrumentation. J Am Dent Assoc 68:698–703

    Google Scholar 

  31. Nyman S, Sarhed G, Ericsson I, Gottlow J, Karring T (1986) Role of “diseased” root cementum for healing following treatment of periodontal disease. An experimental study in the dog. J Periodontal Res 21:496–503

    Google Scholar 

  32. Nyman S, Westfelt E, Sarhed G, Karring T (1988) Role of “diseased” root cementum for healing following treatment of periodontal disease. A clinical study. J Clin Periodontol 15:464–468

    Google Scholar 

  33. O’Leary TJ, Kafrawy AH (1983) Total cementum removal: a realistic objective? J Periodontol 54:221–226

    Google Scholar 

  34. Pameijer CH, Stallard RE, Hiep N (1972) Surface characteristics of teeth following periodontal instrumentation: a scanning electron microscope study. J Periodontol 43:628–633

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ritz L, Hefti AF, Rateitschak KH (1991) An in vitro investigation on the loss of root substance in scaling with various instruments. J Clin Periodontol 18:643–646

    Google Scholar 

  36. Rosenberg RM, Ash MM Jr (1974) The effects of surface roughness on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. J Periodontol 45:146–150

    Google Scholar 

  37. Rossi R, Smukler H (1995) A scanning electron microscope study comparing the effectiveness of different types of sharpening stones and curets. J Periodontol 66:956–961

    Google Scholar 

  38. Schaffer EM (1967) Periodontal instrumentation: scaling and root planing. Int Dent J 17:297–319

    Google Scholar 

  39. Smart GJ, Wilson M, Davies EH, Kieser JB (1990) Assessment of ultrasonic root surface debridement by determination of residual endotoxin levels. J Clin Periodontol 17:174–178

    Google Scholar 

  40. Stassinakis A, Hugo B, Hotz P (1995) Personnel and instrumental differences in the treatment of root surfaces. A comparison on a phantom model (in German). Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 105:623–628

    Google Scholar 

  41. Stewart JL, Drisko RR, Herlach AD (1967) Comparison of ultrasonic and hand instruments for the removal of calculus. J Am Dent Assoc 75:153–157

    Google Scholar 

  42. Van Volkinburg JW, Green E, Armitage GC (1976) The nature of root surfaces after curette, cavitron and alpha-sonic instrumentation. J Periodontal Res 11:374–381

    Google Scholar 

  43. Zappa U, Smith B, Simona C, Graf H, Case D, Kim W (1991) Root substance removal by scaling and root planing. J Periodontol 62:750–754

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Catholic University of Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, bte 5732, 1200, Brussels, Belgium

    Patrick Obeid & Pierre Bercy

Authors
  1. Patrick Obeid
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Pierre Bercy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patrick Obeid.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Obeid, P., Bercy, P. Loss of tooth substance during root planing with various periodontal instruments: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Invest 9, 118–123 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-005-0309-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-005-0309-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation