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Hydrogen bonding of the dissociated histidine ligand is not required for formation of a proximal NO adduct in cytochrome c’

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Abstract

Cytochromes c’, that occur in methanotrophic, denitrifying and photosynthetic bacteria, form unusual proximal penta-coordinate NO complexes via a hexa-coordinate distal NO intermediate. Their NO binding properties are similar to those of the eukaryotic NO sensor, soluble guanylate cyclase, for which they provide a valuable structural model. Previous studies suggested that hydrogen bonding between the displaced proximal histidine (His120) ligand (following its dissociation from heme due to trans effects from the distally bound NO) and a conserved aspartate residue (Asp121) could play a key role in allowing proximal NO binding to occur. We have characterized three variants of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans cytochrome c’ (AXCP) where Asp121 has been replaced by Ala, Ile and Gln, respectively. In all variants, hydrogen bonding between residue 121 and His120 is abolished yet 5-coordinate proximal NO species are still formed. Our data therefore demonstrate that the His120–Asp121 bond is not essential for proximal NO binding although it likely provides an energy minimum for the displaced His ligand. All variants have altered proximal pocket structure relative to native AXCP.

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Abbreviations

CytCp:

Cytochrome c’

AXCP:

Alcaligenes xylosoxidans cytochrome c’

SFCP:

Shewanella frigidimarina cytochrome c’

SLS:

Swiss Light Source

5c:

5-Coordinate

6c:

6-Coordinate

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Acknowledgments

D.K. was supported by a School Studentship at the University of Essex. X-ray diffraction data were measured at the Swiss Light Source under long-term award 20111166 to M.H. and funded in part via BioStructX award 2370 to M.H & R.W.S. R.W.S acknowledges financial support from a Wellcome Trust Fellowship Award. We acknowledge the assistance of Dr Svetlana Antonyuk for assistance in the use of Shelx for esd determination, Dr Andrey Lebedev with restraint libraries in refinement and Alex Chivu for assistance with protein preparation.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Faculty of Science and Education Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

      Dlzar D. Ghafoor

    2. School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, CO4 3SQ, UK

      Demet Kekilli, Michael T. Wilson, Richard W. Strange & Michael A. Hough

    3. Medical Research Center, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq

      Gaylany H. Abdullah

    4. Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), 5232, Villigen, Switzerland

      Florian S. N. Dworkowski

    5. College of Ibn-Alhaitham, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

      Hamid G. Hassan

    6. Molecular Biophysics Group, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK

      Richard W. Strange

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    1. Dlzar D. Ghafoor
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    Correspondence to Michael A. Hough.

    Additional information

    D. D. Ghafoor and D. Kekilli contributed equally.

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    Ghafoor, D.D., Kekilli, D., Abdullah, G.H. et al. Hydrogen bonding of the dissociated histidine ligand is not required for formation of a proximal NO adduct in cytochrome c’. J Biol Inorg Chem 20, 949–956 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-015-1278-y

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-015-1278-y

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