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First step toward the “fingerprinting” of brain tumors based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and multiple discriminant analysis

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Abstract

Synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray fluorescence was applied to the elemental microimaging of neoplastic tissues in cases of various types of brain tumors. The following cases were studied: glioblastoma multiforme, gemistocytic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, anaplastic oligodendroglioma, ganglioglioma, fibrillary astrocytoma, and atypical transitional meningioma. Apart from neoplastic tissue, the analysis included areas of tissue apparently without malignant infiltration. The masses per unit area of P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Br, and Rb were used to construct a diagnostic classifier for brain tumors using multiple discriminant analysis. It was found that S, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Br, and Zn are the most significant elements in the general discrimination of tumor type. The highest similarity in elemental composition was between atypical transitional meningioma and fibrillary astrocytoma. The smallest differentiation was between glioblastoma multiforme and oligodendroglioma. The mean percentage of correct classifications, estimated according to the a posteriori probabilities procedure, was 99.9%, whereas the mean prediction ability of 87.6% was achieved for ten new cases excluded previously from the model construction. The results showed that multiple discriminant analysis based on elemental composition of tissue may be a potentially valuable method assisting differentiation and/or classification of brain tumors.

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Acknowledgments

We acknowledge HASYLAB/DESY for the provision of synchrotron radiation facilities. We thank Karen Appel, Anna Smykla, and Mateusz Czyzycki for their assistance in the experiment as well as Zdzislaw Stegowski and Joanna Jaskiewicz for data preprocessing. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and High Education, Warsaw, Poland, and the following grants: DESY/304/2006 (Ministry of Science and High Education, Warsaw, Poland, 2006–2009), N N518 377537 (Ministry of Science and High Education, Warsaw, Poland), and the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 226716. The study was approved by Jagiellonian University Bioethical Committee (KBET/101/B/2010).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland

    Magdalena Szczerbowska-Boruchowska & Marek Lankosz

  2. Department of Neuropathology, Chair of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Botaniczna 3, 31-503, Kraków, Poland

    Dariusz Adamek

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  1. Magdalena Szczerbowska-Boruchowska
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  2. Marek Lankosz
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  3. Dariusz Adamek
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Correspondence to Magdalena Szczerbowska-Boruchowska.

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Szczerbowska-Boruchowska, M., Lankosz, M. & Adamek, D. First step toward the “fingerprinting” of brain tumors based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and multiple discriminant analysis. J Biol Inorg Chem 16, 1217–1226 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-011-0810-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00775-011-0810-y

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