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Control of the combustion process and emission formation in marine gas engines

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Abstract

A smooth transition to the use of gas engines instead of conventional engines in marine shipping is a logical pathway for compliance with tightening environmental regulations. Currently, five major gas engine concepts are applied in maritime sector. In this paper, a review of the marine gas engine concepts was performed with a focus on the control of combustion and emission. To assess all the contributors to combustion and the emission formation process, three main factors were outlined: design, operational parameters and fuel. The assessment of gas engines was conducted based on these factors. The present paper helps to provide an understanding of the current progress in the development of marine gas engines towards improving of combustion efficiency and reducing the emissions. Moreover, the knowledge gaps, particularly in four-stroke marine high-pressure gas engines, were identified.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Adapted from Hiltner et al. [24]

Fig. 5

Adapted from Disch et al. [34]

Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Adapted from Disch et al. [34]

Fig. 9

Adapted from Disch et al. [34]

Fig. 10

Adapted from Schlick [67]

Fig. 11

Adapted from Karim and Burn [72]

Fig. 12

Adapted from Tagai et al. [73]

Fig. 13

Adapted from Schlick [67]

Fig. 14

Adapted from Hiltner et al. [24]

Fig. 15

Adapted from Hiltner et al. [24]

Fig. 16

Adapted from Hiltner et al. [24]

Fig. 17

Adapted from Hagiwara and Ohashi [79]

Fig. 18

Adapted from Järvi [84]

Fig. 19

Adapted from Järvi [84]

Fig. 20

Adapted from Järvi [84]

Fig. 21
Fig. 22

Adapted from Juliussen et al. [60]

Fig. 23
Fig. 24

Adapted from Lauer et al. [107]

Fig. 25

Adapted from Lauer et al. [107]

Fig. 26
Fig. 27

Data for lean-burn engines were taken from Schlick [67]

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Abbreviations

ABV:

Air-bypass valve

AFER:

Air–fuel equivalence ratio

BMEP:

Brake mean effective pressure

BOV:

Blow off valve

BTE:

Brake thermal efficiency

CAD:

Crank angle degrees

DF:

Dual fuel

EGR:

Exhaust gas recirculation

EPA:

Environmental Protection Agency

EWV:

Exhaust wastegate valve

ICE:

Internal combustion engine

IMO:

International Maritime Organization

LBSI:

Lean-burn spark ignited

LPDF:

Low-pressure dual fuel

MCP:

Maximum combustion pressure

MN:

Methane number

NOx:

Nitric oxides

PM:

Particulate matters

SCR:

Selective catalytic reduction

SFC:

Specific fuel consumption

THC:

Total hydrocarbons

UHC:

Unburned hydrocarbons

VTG:

Variable turbine geometry

VVT:

Variable valve timing

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the project ”SFI Smart Maritime (237917)-Norwegian Centre for improved energy-efficiency and reduced emissions from the maritime sector”, which is partially funded by the Research Council of Norway. In addition, the authors would like to thank Sintef Ocean AS and Per Magne Einang for providing valuable information and comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Otto Nielsens vei 10, 7491, Trondheim, Norway

    Vladimir Krivopolianskii & Sergey Ushakov

  2. Energy and Transport, SINTEF Ocean AS, Otto Nielsens vei 10, 7046, Trondheim, Norway

    Ingebrigt Valberg & Dag Stenersen

  3. Department of Ocean Operations and Civil Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Larsgårdsvegen 2, 6009, Ålesund, Norway

    Vilmar Æsøy

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  1. Vladimir Krivopolianskii
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Correspondence to Vladimir Krivopolianskii.

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Krivopolianskii, V., Valberg, I., Stenersen, D. et al. Control of the combustion process and emission formation in marine gas engines. J Mar Sci Technol 24, 593–611 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-018-0556-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00773-018-0556-0

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