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Psychoneuroimmunologie und Krebs

Neue Ergebnisse zu psychosozialen Einflüssen auf Tumorerkrankungen

Psychoneuroimmunology and cancer

Recent results on psychosocial aspects of cancer

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Der Onkologe Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Aktuelle Arbeiten deuten auf einen Einfluss psychischer Faktoren auf den Krankheitsverlauf bei Krebs hin. Bei der Suche nach den zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen konzentrierte sich die psychoneuroimmunologische Forschung auf den Einfluss von psychischer Belastung bzw. von Stresshormonen auf die Wechselwirkungen von Immunsystem und Tumorzelle. Dabei wurden natürliche Killer (NK)-Zellen bisher am umfangreichsten untersucht. Doch die Ergebnisse sind inkonsistent, und so führte dies – in Anlehnung an die onkologische Forschung – zu einer Verschiebung des Fokus hin zu Untersuchungen des „tumor microenvironment“. Hier wurden in den letzten Jahren zu einzelnen Tumorentitäten neue Erkenntnisse gewonnen, die durch Gemeinsamkeiten der Pathophysiologie auch für die Onkologie bedeutsam sind. Weiterhin unklar bleibt dabei die Relevanz der Befunde für den Krankheitsverlauf bei Krebs.

Abstract

Recent studies imply an influence of psychosocial factors on the course of cancer. In search of underlying mechanisms, scientists focused on interactions between the immune system and cancer. In most studies natural killer cells were investigated. Inconsistent results led the focus towards a whole ecosystem composed of tumor cells, resident and infiltrating non-tumor cells and molecules present in the proximity of these cells, the so-called tumor microenvironment. In respect of specific types of cancer, researchers discovered connections between psychosocial factors and cancer. Although the significance of these results for cancer survival is not clear further research would be of extraordinary significance even for oncologists because of common aspects of the pathophysiology.

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  1. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Arbeitsbereich Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinik Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Deutschland

    J. Hefner & H. Csef

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  1. J. Hefner
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  2. H. Csef
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Correspondence to J. Hefner.

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Hefner, J., Csef, H. Psychoneuroimmunologie und Krebs. Onkologe 17, 839–850 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00761-011-2077-x

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