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Development of an ESR/NMR Double-Magnetic-Resonance System for Use at Ultra-low Temperatures and in High Magnetic Fields and Its Use for Measurements of a Si Wafer Lightly Doped with 31P

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Abstract

Dynamic nuclear polarization–nuclear magnetic resonance (DNP–NMR) and electron–nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) provide useful information about the magnetic properties of dilute spin systems. One such system is a Si wafer lightly doped with 31P (Si:P) which is a candidate for quantum-computing devices. The “Si:P” model was proposed by Kane in 1998. To date, however, the details of the nuclear magnetism of 31P, which is important information for the use of these nuclei as quantum bits for computing, are still unknown. The reason is because the spins are diluted, and there has been no report about 31P in Si from direct NMR detection. It is thus necessary to overcome the dilution to show the usefulness of Si:P. The DNP–NMR method provides a way to improve the NMR sensitivity to 31P by controlling the relative magnetization with the Overhauser effect. We have developed magnetic-resonance equipment for ultra-low temperatures and high magnetic fields with the goal of using DNP to detect 31P directly in NMR measurements. We have carried out 31P-DNP–NMR at 139.03 MHz, 220 mK using this system. We have successfully detected by one-shot measurement the spin-echo NMR signal of approximately 1.9 × 1014 fully polarized 31P nuclear spins which is estimated from the size and the concentration of the sample. In this report, we describe a new electron spin resonance (ESR)/NMR double-magnetic-resonance system constructed in a 3He–4He dilution refrigerator, and demonstrate its use to obtain ENDOR and DNP–NMR measurements of 31P in a Si wafer.

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Acknowledgements

In carrying out this research, we would like to thank Dr. Takao Mizusaki, everyone at the Advanced Development Center, and Naoki Aoyama from the technical division in University of Fukui. Part of this research was supported by JSPS (Grant Nos. 26400331, 16KK0098, 17K05514, 18H05847, and 19K21036). And GIMRT, the program of the Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University (Proposal No. 19K0703). Also Research Center for Far-Infrared Research and Development supported us as H30FIRDM010C and R01FIRDM001D.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan

    Yuya Ishikawa, Yutaka Fujii, Yuta Koizumi, Tsunehiro Omija, Tomoki Oida & Seitaro Mitsudo

  2. Department of Physics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1 Mukogawacho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan

    Akira Fukuda

  3. Technical Division, School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui, 910-8507, Japan

    Hidetomo Yamamori

  4. Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan

    Akira Matsubara

  5. Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Eoeun-dong, Yuseonggu, Daejeon, 34141, Korea

    Soonchil Lee

  6. Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, 20014, Finland

    Jarno Järvinen & Sergey Vasiliev

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  1. Yuya Ishikawa
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  2. Yutaka Fujii
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Correspondence to Yuya Ishikawa.

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Ishikawa, Y., Fujii, Y., Fukuda, A. et al. Development of an ESR/NMR Double-Magnetic-Resonance System for Use at Ultra-low Temperatures and in High Magnetic Fields and Its Use for Measurements of a Si Wafer Lightly Doped with 31P. Appl Magn Reson 52, 305–315 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-021-01309-2

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