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ESR Theories for Hidden Magnetic Modes in Exotic Quantum Spin Systems

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Abstract

Quantum spin systems are representative of strongly interacting quantum many-body systems. ESR theories for these systems require careful treatment of microscopic interactions between electron spins. In this article, we review several ESR theories in low-dimensional quantum spin systems by giving our particular attention to the detection of hidden magnetic modes that are found or would be found thanks to some advantages of the ESR spectroscopy. We discuss an ESR caused by an interplay of a nonmagnetic impurity and magnetic excitations (Sect. 2), gapped modes with nonlinear field dependence in spin ladders (Sect. 3), and a quadrupolar mode that characterizes a hidden magnetic order called a spin-nematic order (Sect. 4).

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Notes

  1. Rigorously saying, the breather is formed when the two-“particle” S matrix has a simple pole. The pole corresponds to a certain condition on momenta and energies of “particles” involved in the scattering.

  2. The wave vector is a scalar quantity as long as we are focused on magnetic excitations inside the spin chain.

  3. Qualitative effects of inter-chain and inter-ladder interactions were discussed, for example, in Ref. [71].

  4. An \(\mathrm {SU(3)}\) version of the conventional spin-wave theory.

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Acknowledgements

I appreciate my Ph.D. supervisor, Prof. Masaki Oshikawa for his support and numerous insightful discussions. I am also grateful to my collaborators of experimental and theoretical physicists, especially to coauthors of my papers [16, 56, 57, 68, 79] that this review article is based on. S.C.F. is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Quantum Liquid Crystals” (Grant No. JP19H05825).

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    Shunsuke C. Furuya

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Furuya, S.C. ESR Theories for Hidden Magnetic Modes in Exotic Quantum Spin Systems. Appl Magn Reson 52, 473–506 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-020-01291-1

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