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An Adjustable TD-NMR Method for Rapid and Quantitative Analysis of Body Composition in Awake Mice

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Abstract

This paper describes an adjustable method for body composition analysis of awake mice based on time domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) technology. A T1-weighted CPMG pulse sequence was introduced to acquire the NMR signals that contain both longitudinal (T1) and transversal (T2) relaxation information of mice. It took less than 90 s to dramatically lighten the burden on animals. A model training according to a well-designed factorial experiment was conducted by measuring a series of artificial samples, and the relations between NMR signals and body components (lean, fat and free fluid) were established. This NMR model gave a good fitting (R2 > 0.99) between real values and predictive values and measuring stability were also demonstrated. A calibration method was highlighted to figure out how to keep NMR model effective on another NMR scanner or avoid the error from fluctuation of machine without a time-consuming re-modeling process.

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Acknowledgements

This project is supported by National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project of China under Grant no. 51627808, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no. 51605089, Jiangsu Province National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant no. BK20150609. We thank advisors for their valuable scientific discussions, and lab partners for their support and help in writing analysis program and building the NMR scanners.

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Author notes

  1. Xiaowen Jiang and Xinlong Zhou contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, China

    Xiaowen Jiang, Xinlong Zhou, Zonghai Xie, Zhonghua Ni, Rongsheng Lu & Hong Yi

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China

    Xiaowen Jiang, Xinlong Zhou, Zonghai Xie, Zhonghua Ni, Rongsheng Lu & Hong Yi

Authors
  1. Xiaowen Jiang
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  2. Xinlong Zhou
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  3. Zonghai Xie
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  4. Zhonghua Ni
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  6. Hong Yi
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Correspondence to Rongsheng Lu or Hong Yi.

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Appendix

Appendix

It is to be noted that artificial samples should be similar to the living mice in NMR characteristics, so that these samples can represent the living mice effectively and ensure the reliability of the measurement results. To verify the validity of selected materials of artificial samples, T1 and T2 distributions of the mixture of fresh chicken and refined rapeseed oil were measured as shown in Fig. 7. The three T2 peaks of the mixture are, respectively, in 1–10 ms, 10–102 ms and 102–103 ms, and two T1 peaks are in 10–102 ms and 102–103 ms. The T1 and T2 distributions of artificial samples have strong correlation with those of living mice. It can be concluded that the artificial samples and living mice are consistent in NMR characteristics. Consequently, the method of simulating living mice with chicken breasts, rapeseed oil and saline is effective and reliable.

Fig. 7
figure 7

T1 and T2 distribution of living mouse and mixture. aT2 distribution of living mouse. bT1 distribution of living mouse. cT2 distribution of mixture. dT1 distribution of mixture

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Jiang, X., Zhou, X., Xie, Z. et al. An Adjustable TD-NMR Method for Rapid and Quantitative Analysis of Body Composition in Awake Mice. Appl Magn Reson 51, 241–253 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-019-01180-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00723-019-01180-2

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