Abstract
Diterpenoid 3-epicaryoptin (C26H36O9) is abundant in the leaves of Clerodendrum inerme, a traditionally used medicinal plant, and has insect antifeedant activities. Here, we aim to explore the cytogenotoxic effects of compound 3-epicaryoptin in Allium cepa root apical meristem cells. 3-epicaryoptin (concentrations of 100, 150, and 200 µg mL−1) and the standard compound colchicine (200 µg mL−1) were applied to A. cepa roots for 2, 4, and 4 + 16 h (4-h treatment followed by 16-h recovery). Cytogenotoxicity was analyzed by studying the root growth retardation (RGR), mitotic index (MI), and chromosomal aberrations. The result showed statistically significant (p < 0.01), concentration-dependent RGR effects of 3-epicaryoptin treatment compared with the negative control. A study of cell frequency in different phases of cell division observed a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the metaphase cell percentage (66.2 ± 0.58%, 150 µg mL−1), which subsequently caused an increase in the frequency of MI (12.29 ± 0.34%, 150 µg mL−1) at 4 h of 3-epicaryoptin treatment and that was comparable with the colchicine action. The cytological study revealed that the 3-epicaryoptin treatment could induce different types of chromosomal abnormalities, such as colchicine-like metaphase, vagrant chromosomes, sticky chromosomes, anaphase bridge, lagging chromosomes, multipolar anaphase-telophase, and an increased frequency of micronuclei and polyploid cells. These findings indicate that 3-epicaryoptin is cytogenotoxic, and thus, C. inerme should be used with caution in traditional medicine.
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The authors acknowledge the DST-PURSE, DST-FIST, UGC-MRP (F.No.42-563/2013 (SR) dt. 22.3.13), and UGC-DRS-sponsored facilities in the Department of Zoology.
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The financial support of CSIR JRF-09/025(0229)/2017-EMR-I Dated: 22.08.2017 to Manabendu Barman.
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Sanjib Ray: addressed the research problem, experiment designing, investigation, and manuscript writing and editing.
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Barman, M., Ray, S. Cytogenotoxic effects of 3-epicaryoptin in Allium cepa L. root apical meristem cells. Protoplasma 260, 1163–1177 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-023-01838-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-023-01838-6