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Endocytosis in plant–microbe interactions

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Abstract

Plants encounter throughout their life all kinds of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or oomycetes, with either friendly or unfriendly intentions. During evolution, plants have developed a wide range of defense mechanisms against attackers. In return, adapted microbes have developed strategies to overcome the plant lines of defense, some of these microbes engaging in mutualistic or parasitic endosymbioses. By sensing microbe presence and activating signaling cascades, the plasma membrane through its dynamics plays a crucial role in the ongoing molecular dialogue between plants and microbes. This review describes the contribution of endocytosis to different aspects of plant–microbe interactions, microbe recognition and development of a basal immune response, and colonization of plant cells by endosymbionts. The putative endocytic routes for the entry of microbe molecules or microbes themselves are explored with a special emphasis on clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Finally, we evaluate recent findings that suggest a link between the compartmentalization of plant plasma membrane into microdomains and endocytosis.

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Abbreviations

AP-2:

Adaptor complex 2

BiFC:

Bimolecular fluorescence complementation

CCP:

Clathrin-coated pit

CCV:

Clathrin-coated vesicle

CW:

Cell wall

CME:

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis

DAMP:

Damage-associated molecular pattern

DIM:

Detergent-insoluble membrane

DRP:

Dynamin-like protein

EHM:

Extrahaustorial membrane

EH Eps:

(EGFR pathway substrate) 15 homolog

EIX:

Ethylene-induced xylanase

eLRR:

Extracellular leucine-rich repeat

EMA:

Extrahaustorial matrix

EPS:

Exopolysaccharide

FLS2:

FLAGELLIN-SENSING 2

GFP:

Green fluorescent protein

HR:

Hypersensitive response

IT:

Infection thread

LeEIX:

Lycopersicum esculentum EIX receptor

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

LRR-RLK:

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase

LRR-RLP:

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein

MAMP:

Microbe-associated molecular pattern

Nod factor:

Nodulation factor

NtrbohD:

Nicotiana tabacum respiratory burst oxidase homolog D

OGA:

Oligogalacturonide

PAMP:

Pathogen-associated molecular pattern

PBM:

Peribacteroid membrane

PM:

Plasma membrane

PRR:

Pattern recognition receptor

PtdIns:

Phosphatidylinositol

RME:

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SNARE:

Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor

T3SS:

Type 3 secretion system

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank the members of the lab for their helpful discussions. We would like to thank the “Association pour la Recherche sur les Nicotianées” and the “Conseil Régional de Bourgogne” for the financial support provided to Thibaud Adam.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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  1. UMR Plante-Microbe-Environnement 1088 INRA/5184 CNRS/Université de Bourgogne, 17 Rue Sully, BP 86510, 21065, Dijon Cedex, France

    Nathalie Leborgne-Castel, Thibaud Adam & Karim Bouhidel

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  1. Nathalie Leborgne-Castel
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Leborgne-Castel, N., Adam, T. & Bouhidel, K. Endocytosis in plant–microbe interactions. Protoplasma 247, 177–193 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-010-0195-8

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