Abstract
In this paper, the influence of the surface effect on wave propagation characteristics in functionally graded metal foam plates (FGMFPs) with nanopores is studied, where different porosity distribution patterns are taken in account. The surface effect between pore and matrix in FGMFP is considered by the Gurtin–Murdoch surface elasticity model. The plate is divided into finite thickness layers along the gradient, and each layer of porous material is homogenized using locally exact homogenization theory. On the basis of obtaining the effective modulus of each layer of porous material, the governing equations of the plates are obtained by Hamilton’s principle and different plate theories, upon which wave dispersion and phase velocity curves of FGMFP are obtained. The developed method is verified by comparing the wave dispersion curves against existing literature. Finally, the effects of different plate theories, porosity distribution, unit cell array, surface effect, pore radius and its distribution pattern, and graphene platelet weight fraction on the wave dispersion and phase velocity curves are systematically investigated. The results in this paper may provide guidance for the design of FGMFPs with nanopores.
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Acknowledgements
G.W. is supported by the “Pioneer” and “Leading Goose” R&D Program of Zhejiang (No. 2022C01143); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFA0711700); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 12002303). Z.H. is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 531118010752).
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Appendices
Appendix 1
By applying the G–M interface conditions (Eqs. (3–5)) and displacement continuity conditions, the relationship between the unknown coefficients \(F_{nj}^{{}}\) and \(G_{nj}^{{}}\)(j = 1, 2, 3, 4) in the fiber phase and matrix phase is obtained, for n = 0,
where \(b_{01} = \frac{{\left( {C_{11}^{\left( r \right)} + C_{12}^{\left( r \right)} } \right) + \left( {C_{11}^{\left( m \right)} + C_{12}^{\left( m \right)} } \right)}}{{2C_{12}^{\left( m \right)} }},c_{01} = \frac{{\left( {C_{13}^{\left( r \right)} - C_{13}^{\left( m \right)} } \right)}}{{2C_{11}^{\left( m \right)} }},d_{01} = - \frac{1}{2}b_{02} ,c_{02} = - c_{01} ,d_{02} = - d_{01} ,d_{01}^{\prime } = \frac{1}{2}d_{01}^{\prime }\),\(b_{02} = \frac{{\left( {C_{11}^{\left( r \right)} + C_{12}^{\left( r \right)} } \right) - \left( {C_{11}^{\left( m \right)} + C_{12}^{\left( m \right)} } \right)}}{{2C_{12}^{\left( m \right)} }},d_{01}^{\prime } = - \frac{{s^{\prime } }}{{C_{11}^{\left( m \right)} }},c_{01}^{\prime } = - \frac{{\lambda_{s} }}{{2C_{11}^{\left( m \right)} r}},d_{02}^{\prime } = - d_{01}^{\prime } ,c_{02}^{\prime } = - c_{01}^{\prime } ,d_{02}^{\prime } = - d_{01}^{\prime } ,s^{\prime } = - \frac{{\left( {\lambda_{s} + 2\mu_{s} } \right)}}{r}\).
For \(n \ge {2},\)
where \({\mathbf{F}}_{n}^{\left( m \right)} = \left[ {F_{{n{1}}}^{\left( m \right)} ,F_{{n{2}}}^{\left( m \right)} ,F_{{n{3}}}^{\left( m \right)} ,F_{{n{4}}}^{\left( m \right)} } \right]^{{\text{T}}}\),\({\mathbf{G}}_{n}^{\left( m \right)} = \left[ {G_{{n{1}}}^{\left( m \right)} ,G_{{n{2}}}^{\left( m \right)} ,G_{{n{3}}}^{\left( m \right)} ,G_{{n{4}}}^{\left( m \right)} } \right]^{{\text{T}}}\)\({\mathbf{F}}_{n}^{\left( r \right)} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {F_{{n{1}}}^{\left( r \right)} } & {F_{{n{2}}}^{\left( r \right)} } \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}}\),\({\mathbf{G}}_{n}^{\left( r \right)} = \left[ {\begin{array}{*{20}l} {G_{{n{1}}}^{\left( r \right)} } & {G_{{n{2}}}^{\left( r \right)} } \\ \end{array} } \right]^{{\text{T}}}\), and the superscripts r and m represent the ring and matrix phase, respectively.
where \(I_{{n{1}}}^{\left( r \right)} = \left( {\lambda_{s} + \mu_{s} } \right)\left( {{1} + n\beta_{nj}^{\left( r \right)} } \right)\).
Appendix 2
By substituting Eq. (19) and Eq. (20) into Eq. (23), the corresponding governing equation based on different plate theories is as follows
2.1 GPT
2.2 FSDT
2.3 TSDT
Appendix 3
The simplified stiffness and mass matrices \(\left[ {\mathbf{K}} \right]_{i}\) and \(\left[ {\mathbf{M}} \right]_{i}\) (i = GPT, FSDT, TSDT) read:
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Gao, M., Wang, G., Liu, J. et al. Wave propagation analysis in functionally graded metal foam plates with nanopores. Acta Mech 234, 1733–1755 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-022-03442-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-022-03442-w