Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A new magnetic structural algorithm based on virtual crack closure technique and magnetic flux leakage testing for circumferential symmetric double-crack propagation of X80 oil and gas pipeline weld

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Acta Mechanica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Based on the virtual crack closure technique for finite element numerical simulation, a new magnetic structural algorithm is proposed to analyze fracture signals from nondestructive testing. As an example of solving engineering problems, this algorithm is employed to investigate the circumferential symmetric double-crack propagation in an X80 oil and gas pipeline welding zone. The material property of the welding zone is treated as bilinear kinematic hardening elastic–plastic, and the fluid pressure load on the inner wall of the pipeline weld is dynamically applied. In our magnetic structural multi-physics field model, every time when the incremental crack propagation is completed, the mesh is reconstructed. As a result, the crack propagation and magnetic field is analyzed cyclically. Six characteristic quantities (P, \(G_{ I}\), \(L_\mathrm{g}\), CTOA, \({Bx}^p\), \({\hbox {Ms}}^\mathrm{p}\)) in the process of crack propagation are computed, forming the magnetic structural algorithm for circumferential symmetric double-crack propagation. The results show that using the algorithm can judge the damage location and damage degree of the pipeline weld by calculating the crack growth process. The algorithm has high sensitivity which can distinguish the double cracks whose circumferential spacing is greater than or equal to 0.05 times of the circumferential arc length of the weld. When the circumferential spacing of double cracks is less than or equal to 0.4 times of the circumferential arc length of the weld seam, the single crack grows faster than the double crack due to the interference effect of double cracks, and the existence of double cracks inhibits the crack growth. Through this practical example, it is proved that the implementation of the proposed algorithm can provide a theoretical basis for guiding the actual safety assessment of engineering materials and structures containing microcracks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Li, L., Yang, Y.H., Xu, Z., Chen, G.: Fatigue crack growth law of API X80 pipeline steel under various stress ratios based on J-integral. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 37(10), 1124–1135 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Xiao, Z.M., Yan, J., Chen, B.J.: Electro-elastic stress analysis for a Zener–Stroh crack interacting with a coated inclusion in piezoelectric solid. Acta Mech. 171(1–2), 29–40 (2004)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Jia, Y.Z., Wang, J.Q., Han, E.H., Ke, W.: Stress corrosion cracking of X80 pipeline steel in near-neutral pH environment under constant load tests with and without preload. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 27(11), 1039–1046 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Ping, X.C., Wang, C.G., Cheng, L.P., Chen, M.C., Xu, J.Q.: A super crack front element for three-dimensional fracture mechanics analysis. Eng. Fract. Mech. 196(6), 1–27 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Zhang, B., Qian, C.W., Wang, Y.M., Zhang, Y.Z.: Development and application of high-grade pipeline steel at home and abroad. Pet. Eng. Constr. 38(1), 1–4 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Xiao, Z.M., Fan, H., Sun, Y.M.: On the contact zone of a sub-interfacial Zener–Stroh crack. Acta Mech. 142(1–4), 1–16 (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Zhang, Y.M., Tan, T.K., Xiao, Z.M., Zhang, W.G.: Failure assessment on offshore girth welded pipelines due to corrosion defects. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 39(4), 453–466 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cao, Y.G., Zhen, Y., He, Y.Y., Zhang, S.H., Sun, Y.T., Yi, H.J., Liu, F.: Prediction of limit pressure in axial through-wall cracked X80 pipeline based on critical crack-tip opening angle. J. China Univ. Pet. 41(2), 139–146 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Menouillard, T., Belytschko, T.: Dynamic fracture with meshfree enriched XFEM. Acta Mech. 213(1–2), 53–69 (2010)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  10. Goangseup, Zi, Belytschko, T.: New crack-tip elements for XFEM and applications to cohesive cracks. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 57(15), 2221–2240 (2003)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Bouhala, L., Shao, Q., Koutsawa, Y., Younes, A., Núñez, P., Makradi, A., Belouettar, S.: An XFEM crack-tip enrichment for a crack terminating at a bi-material interface. Eng. Fract. Mech. 102(4), 51–64 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kumar, S., Singh, I.V., Mishra, B.K.: A homogenized XFEM approach to simulate fatigue crack growth problems. Comput. Struct. 150(4), 1–22 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Zhang, H.H., Li, L.X., An, X.M., Ma, G.W.: Numerical analysis of 2-D crack propagation problems using the numerical manifold method. Eng. Anal. Bound. Elem. 34(1), 41–50 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Zheng, H., Xu, D.D.: New strategies for some issues of numerical manifold method in simulation of crack propagation. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 97(13), 986–1010 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Ma, G.W., An, X.M., Zhang, H.H., Li, L.X.: Modeling complex crack problems using the numerical manifold method. Int. J. Fract. 156(1), 21–35 (2009)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Xie, D., Biggers, S.B.: Progressive crack growth analysis using interface element based on the virtual crack closure technique. Finite Elem. Anal. Des. 42(11), 977–984 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Krueger, R.: Virtual crack closure technique: history, approach and applications. Appl. Mech. Rev. 57(1), 109–143 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Farkash, E., Banks-Sills, L.: Virtual crack closure technique for an interface crack between two transversely isotropic materials. Int. J. Fract. 205(2), 189–202 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Burlayenko, V.N., Altenbach, H., Sadowski, T., Dimitrova, S.D.: Computational simulations of thermal shock cracking by the virtual crack closure technique in a functionally graded plate. Comput. Mater. Sci. 116(4), 11–21 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Valvo, P.S.: A revised virtual crack closure technique for physically consistent fracture mode partitioning. Int. J. Fract. 173(1), 1–20 (2012)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Shokrieh, M.M., Rajabpour-Shirazi, H., Heidari-Rarani, M., Haghpanahi, M.: Simulation of mode I delamination propagation in multidirectional composites with R-curve effects using VCCT method. Comput. Mater. Sci. 65(12), 66–73 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Yao, A.L., He, W.B., Xu, T.L., Jiang, H.Y., Gu, D.F.: A 3D-VCCT based method for the fracture analysis of gas line pipes with multiple cracks. Nat. Gas Ind. 39(3), 85–93 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sim, J.M., Yoon-Suk, Chang: Crack growth evaluation by XFEM for nuclear pipes considering thermal aging embrittlement effect. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. 42(4), 775–791 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Zhang, Y.M., Xiao, Z.M., Luo, J.: Fatigue crack growth investigation on offshore pipelines with three-dimensional interacting cracks. Geosci. Front. 9(6), 1689–1698 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Jin, Q., Sun, Z.Y., Sun, W.: Study on fatigue crack growth in \(\text{ co }_{2}\) pipelines with an axial surface crack under pulsating internal pressure. Eng. Mech. 32(5), 84–93 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Zarrinzadeh, H., Kabir, M.Z., Deylami, A.: Experimental and numerical fatigue crack growth of an aluminium pipe repaired by composite patch. Eng. Struct. 133(2), 24–32 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Yu, J.X., Li, X.B., Tan, Y.N., Jin, C.X., Feng, Z.O., Han, X.X., Fu, F.: Analysis of the stress intensity factor of a pipeline surface with a pit-crack. J. Tianjin Univ. (Sci. Technol.) 52(5), 522–528 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Cui, W., Wang, K., Jiang, M.Z., Ma, C.Y., Feng, Z.M., Leng, J.C.: Characterization on fluid-solid-magnetic multifield coupling of the weld cracks growth in pipelines. Mater. Rev. 32(8), 2852–2858 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Cui, W., Song, R.X., Xia, F.F., Zhang, Q., Wang, P.: A fluid-solid-magnetic coupling algorithm of internal crack growth in the weld of oil and gas pipelines. Math. Probl. Eng. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8167321

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Jokinen, J., Kanerva, M.: Simulation of delamination growth at CFRP-tungsten aerospace laminates using VCCT and CZM modelling techniques. Appl. Compos. Mater. 26(3), 709–721 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Liu, W.Y.: Study on Crack Propagation in Heat Affected Zone of Pressure Pipeline Welding. Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Shi, L.: A Study on the Fracture Toughness of X80 Pipeline Steel Welded Joint. Tianjin University, Tianjin (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Jeanette, L.: Review of Materials Property Data for Nondestructive Characterization of Pipeline Materials. Iowa State University, Ames (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Mukherjee, D., Saha, S., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Inverse mapping of magnetic flux leakage signal for defect characterization. NDT&E Int. 54(3), 198–208 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Yan, S., Chao, Z., Rui, L., Cai, M.L., Jia, G.W.: Theory and application of magnetic flux leakage pipeline detection. Sensors 15(12), 31036–31055 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Afzal, M., Udpa, S.: Advanced signal processing of magnetic flux leakage data obtained from seamless gas pipeline. NDT&E Int. 35(7), 449–457 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Wang, Y., Liu, X., Wu, B., Xiao, J.W., Wu, D.H., He, C.F.: Dipole modeling of stress-dependent magnetic flux leakage. NDT&E Int. 95(4), 1–8 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Kim, J.W., Park, S.: Magnetic flux leakage sensing and artificial neural network pattern recognition-based automated damage detection and quantification for wire rope non-destructive evaluation. Sensors 18(2), 109–128 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51607035, 11502051, 51774091) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M641804, 2018T110268) and China Scholarship Council and Heilongjiang Youth Innovation Talents of Ordinary Undergraduate Colleges and Universities (UNPYSCT-2018046) and Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Research Foundation (LBH-Q18029) and Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Foundation (LBH-Z16040) and Science and Technology Project of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Association (2017-11-04) and Research start-up fund of Northeast Petroleum University (rc201732) and Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang province (LH2019E018). The authors acknowledge the support of Singapore A*STAR SERC AME Programmatic Fund for the “Structural Metal Alloys Programme” (Project WBS M4070307.051).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Cui, Yuhang Zhang & Qiang Zhang

  2. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore

    Wei Cui, Zhongmin Xiao & Qiang Zhang

Authors
  1. Wei Cui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Yuhang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Zhongmin Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qiang Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Wei Cui or Zhongmin Xiao.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cui, W., Zhang, Y., Xiao, Z. et al. A new magnetic structural algorithm based on virtual crack closure technique and magnetic flux leakage testing for circumferential symmetric double-crack propagation of X80 oil and gas pipeline weld. Acta Mech 231, 1187–1207 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-019-02578-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00707-019-02578-6

Search

Navigation