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Seasonal trends of the ABPV, KBV, and IAPV complex in Italian managed honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies

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Abstract

Acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV), Kashmir bee virus (KBV), and Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV) usually persist as covert infections in honey bee colonies. They can cause rapid bee mortality in cases of severe infection, often associated with high Varroa destructor infestation, by which they are transmitted. In various countries, these viruses have been associated with colony collapse. Despite their potential danger, these viruses are often disregarded, and little information is available on their occurrence in many countries, including Italy. In 2021, 370 apiaries representing all of the Italian regions were investigated in four different months (June, September, November, and March) for the presence of ABPV, KBV, and IAPV. IAPV was not found in any of the apiaries investigated, whereas 16.45% and 0.67% of the samples tested positive for ABPV and KBV, respectively. Most ABPV cases occurred in late summer-autumn in both northern and southern regions. We observed a scattered pattern of KBV-positive colonies that did not allow any seasonal or regional trends to be discerned. Differences observed among regions and months were potentially related to the dynamics of varroa infestation, viral genetic variations, and different climatic conditions resulting in variations in bee behaviour. This study improves our understanding of the circulation of bee viruses and will contribute to better disease prevention and preservation of bee health.

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Data availability

The dataset supporting the findings of this study is available in the supplementary material (Supplementary Table S1).

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Valeria Caringi, Irene Guerra, Sergio Albertazzi, and Vittorio Capano (CREA Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment) for their effort in the sampling activity.

Funding

This study was supported by the project BeeNet (Italian National Fund under FEASR 2014-2020) from the Italian Ministry of Agriculture and Food Sovereignty and Forestry (MASAF).

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Author notes

  1. Giovanni Cilia and Elena Tafi have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA-AA), Council for Agricultural Research and Agricultural Economics Analysis, Via di Corticella 133, 40128, Bologna, Italy

    Giovanni Cilia, Elena Tafi, Laura Zavatta, Amanda Dettori, Laura Bortolotti & Antonio Nanetti

Authors
  1. Giovanni Cilia
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  2. Elena Tafi
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  3. Laura Zavatta
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  4. Amanda Dettori
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  5. Laura Bortolotti
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  6. Antonio Nanetti
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Giovanni Cilia and Antonio Nanetti. Sampling: Amanda Dettori. Methodology: Giovanni Cilia. Formal analysis: Giovanni Cilia and Elena Tafi. Investigation: Giovanni Cilia, Elena Tafi, and Laura Zavatta. Data analysis: Giovanni Cilia, Elena Tafi, Laura Zavatta, and Antonio Nanetti. Writing – original draft preparation: Giovanni Cilia, Elena Tafi, and Laura Zavatta. Writing – review and editing: Giovanni Cilia, Elena Tafi, Laura Zavatta, Amanda Dettori, Laura Bortolotti, and Antonio Nanetti. Supervision: Antonio Nanetti. Funding acquisition: Laura Bortolotti. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elena Tafi.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

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Cilia, G., Tafi, E., Zavatta, L. et al. Seasonal trends of the ABPV, KBV, and IAPV complex in Italian managed honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies. Arch Virol 169, 43 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-024-05967-y

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