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Detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 3 in part of northern China from 2016 to 2018

Archives of Virology volume 165, pages 2003–2011 (2020)Cite this article

Abstract

Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a recently identified virus that is associated with reproductive failure, porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, and multi-systemic inflammation. To investigate the molecular epidemic characteristics and genetic evolution of PCV3 in northern China, a commercial TaqMan-based real-time quantitative PCR kit was used to detect PCV3 in 435 tissue specimens collected from pigs with various clinical signs from 105 different swine farms in northern China. The results showed that 48 out of 105 (45.7%) farms and 97 out of 435 (22.3%) samples tested positive for PCV3. Of the 97 PCV3-positive samples, 80 (82.5%) tested positive for other pathogens. PCV3 was found more frequently in pigs with reproductive failure than in those with other clinical signs. This study is the first to detect PCV3 in Tianjin. The complete genome sequences of six PCV3 isolates and the capsid (Cap) protein gene sequences of 11 isolates were determined. Based on the predicted amino acids at positions 24 and 27 of the Cap protein and their evolutionary relationships, the 17 PCV3 strains obtained from northern China and 49 reference strains downloaded from the GenBank database were divided into four major groups (3a-3d). An analysis of selection pressure and polymorphism indicated that the PCV3 Cap protein seems to be evolving under balancing selection, that the population is in dynamic equilibrium, and that no population expansion occurred during the study period. Our results provide new information about the molecular epidemiology and evolution of PCV3.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the Program of the Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System Foundation of Hebei Province (HBCT2018110207), Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hebei Province for Graduate Students (CXZZBS2019095), and Key R & D Projects in Hebei Province, China (19226622D).

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Author notes

  1. Wenyuan Gu and Qiankai Shi contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations

  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, China

    Wenyuan Gu, Qiankai Shi, Jianlou Zhang, Guangfu Yuan, Shaojie Chen, Yuzhu Zuo & Jinghui Fan

  2. Animal Diseases Control Center of Hebei, Shijiazhuang, 050053, China

    Wenyuan Gu

  3. Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, USA

    Leyi Wang

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  1. Wenyuan Gu
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  2. Qiankai Shi
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  3. Leyi Wang
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  4. Jianlou Zhang
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  5. Guangfu Yuan
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  6. Shaojie Chen
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  7. Yuzhu Zuo
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  8. Jinghui Fan
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Correspondence to Yuzhu Zuo or Jinghui Fan.

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Appendix 1

Appendix 1

No. Strain name GenBank accession no. Collection location Collection date Gene type
1 PCV3/CH/HB/CZ-2/2017 MG727537 Hebei 2017 Complete genome
2 PCV3/CH/HB/BD/2017 MG727538 Hebei 2017 Complete genome
3 PCV3/CH/HB/CZ-1/2017 MG727539 Hebei 2017 Complete genome
4 PCV3/CH/HB/SJZ/2017 MG727540 Hebei 2017 Complete genome
5 PCV3/CH/HB/HD/2017 MH101645 Hebei 2017 Complete genome
6 PCV3/CH/Tianjin-1/2018 MH547276 Tianjin 2018 Complete genome
7 PCV3/CH/Liaoning-1/2018 MH547277 Liaoning 2018 Full-length cap gene
8 PCV3/CH/Beijing-1/2016 MH547278 Beijing 2016 Full-length cap gene
9 PCV3/CH/Beijing-2/2018 MH547279 Beijing 2018 Full-length cap gene
10 PCV3/CH/Shanxi-1/2018 MH547280 Shanxi 2018 Full-length cap gene
11 PCV3/CH/Shanxi-2/2018 MH548436 Shanxi 2018 Full-length cap gene
12 PCV3/CH/Shandong-1/2018 MH548437 Shandong 2018 Full-length cap gene
13 PCV3/CH/Liaoning-2/2018 MH548438 Liaoning 2018 Full-length cap gene
14 PCV3/CH/Tianjin-2/2017 MH579786 Tianjin 2017 Full-length cap gene
15 PCV3/CH/HB-CD/2018 MH636587 Hebei 2018 Full-length cap gene
16 PCV3/CH/HB-ZJK/2018 MH636589 Hebei 2018 Full-length cap gene
17 PCV3/CH/HB-TS/2018 MH636590 Hebei 2018 Full-length cap gene

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Gu, W., Shi, Q., Wang, L. et al. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus 3 in part of northern China from 2016 to 2018. Arch Virol 165, 2003–2011 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04709-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-020-04709-0